بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

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Children in the Qurpan and sunnah

Ayatullah Mulammad Rayshahi

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table of contents

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table of contents

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table of contents

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table of contents

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table of contents

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Our Lord! Grant us comfort in our spouses and decedents, and make us imams of the God wary. (1)

There is a natural desire in all human beings in seeking a worthy child, as all people wish to have healthy and righteous children.They are the light of the eyes and mirth of the soul of their parents.Indeed, even unrig hteous persons like their children to be good and comme ndable.

However, the motivation of those who have derived their teachings from the Glorious Qurān is more intense in fulfilling this natural wish.Not only do they want their children to be good and worthy, but they also want their children within their family to become leaders and examples for all good people.Such people supplicate to Allah the Merciful through this verse in the holy Qurān:

Our Lord! Grant us comfort in our spouses and decedents, and make us imams of the God wary.

The important question is how can this lofty wish be fulfilled and how can the grounds for the acceptance of this supp lication for children be met.

In fact, bringing up a worthy child is based on three main principles:

1-A righteous family

2-Observing the rights of the child

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3.شعور الطفل بالمسؤولیة.

ویستعرض کتاب تربیة الطفل،إرشادات القرآن وأئمة الإسلام حول هذه الأرکان فی ثلاثة أقسام.

یضمّ القسم الأوّل أربعة فصول،ویدور الحدیث فیه حول مسؤولیة المجتمع المسلم فی تنظیم الاُسَر الصالحة،ودور الوراثة فی سعادة الأولاد،ودور تغذیة الوالدین فی سلامة الأولاد وسعادتهم،ودور کیفیّة انعقاد النطفة فی مستقبل الأولاد،علی لسان أئمة الإسلام.

واستعرضنا فی القسم الثانی حقوق الطفل من وجهة نظر الإسلام،فی ستّة فصول:

الفصل الأوّل:حول حقوق المولود،وهی:1.تکریم الولادة،2.غسل الولادة،3.قراءة الأذان فی الاُذن الیمنی والإقامة فی الاُذن الیسری،4.التحنیک بماء الفرات وتربة سیّد الشهداء،5.اختیار الاسم الحسن،6.حلق شعر الرأس والتصدّق بوزنه ذهباً أو فضة،7.العقیقة،8.الختان.

ویدور الفصل الثانی:حول حقوق الطفل الرضیع،ویبیّن هذا الفصل إرشادات أئمة الإسلام حول تغذیة الطفل من لبن الاُم،أو من المرضع الصالحة وضرورة احترام مشاعره.

وبحثنا فیه الفصل الثالث:موضوع تعلیم الطفل وتربیته،باعتباره أهمّ حقوق الأطفال،وتمّ فیه استعراض ملاحظات مهمّة حول أهمّیة تعلیم الطفل وتربیته والمسؤولیة الّتی تتحمّلها الحکومة الإسلامیة والاُسر فی هذا المجال،والأهمّ من کلّ ذلک الاُسلوب التربوی فی الإسلام.

وطرحت فی الفصل الرابع:الأخلاق التربویة،مثل:التعامل بالعطف والحنان مع الطفل،احترام الطفل،التسلیم علیه،العدالة فی التعامل مع الأولاد،الوفاء بالوعد للطفل وإدخال السرور علیه،باعتبار ذلک یمثّل الحقوق التربویة للأطفال.

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3-The child's awareness of his/her resp onsibil ities

This book 'Children in the Qurān and Sunnah' aims to present the guidance and recomme ndations of the holy Qurān and the great leaders of Islam regarding these principles in three sections.

The first section contains four chapters which are on the respons ibilities of the Islamic society in relation to the establ ishment of a laudable family, the role of heredity in the happiness of a child, the role of nutrition of the father and mother in the health and happiness of the child, and the role of the formation of the fetus in the mother's womb for the future life of the child as explained by the leaders of Islam.

Section two introduces the rights of a child from an Islamic viewpoint, and this section is divided into six chapters.

The first chapter is about the rights of an infant.These rights include:1( Honoring the birth of the child; 2( The ritual bath of the newborn; 3( Reciting the Adhān in the right ear of the child and the Iqāmah in the left ear; 4( Giving the newborn a taste of the water of Furāt and the soil of Karbalā; 5( Choosing a good name for the child; 6( Shaving the child's head and donating the weight of its hair in gold or silver, 7( The slaught ering of an animal; 8( Circum cision.

The second chapter is about the rights of a suckling infant.This chapter deals with the child's nutrition from its mother's milk or the milk of an appr opriate wet-nurse, and the necessity of respecting a child's feelings.

The third chapter explains the child's upbringing, being his most important right, then the importance of the child's education and the resp onsib ilities of the Islamic government and the families in this regard, along with the most important aspect of this discussion, which is the method of upbringing a child.

Chapter four deals with the ethics of the upbringing of children, such as:being kind to them, respecting and greeting them, dealing

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وفی الفصل الخامس:ألفتنا انتباه التربویین إلی دور الزینة وإشباع حاجة الطفل إلی الجمال،وکذلک دور اللّعب فی نموّ الطفل.

وفی الفصل السادس:ذکرنا أنّ التأکید علی الدعاء للأولاد والنهی عن الدعاء علیهم یبیّن الدور التربوی للدعاء إلی جانب التخطیط والسعی،ولذلک ذکرناه باعتباره أحد حقوق الطفل.ویعدّ دعاء الإمام السجّاد علیه السلام لأولاده والّذی جاء فی ختام هذا الفصل،إرشاداً قیّماً لجمیع الاُسر المسلمة.

وخصصنا القسم الثالث لواجبات الطفل،وممّا ینبغی علی التربوی الصالح،بالإضافة إلی أداء الواجبات الّتی ذکرت فی القسمین الأوّل والثانی من هذه المجموعة،أن یهیئ الأرضیة المناسبة لخلق الشعور بالمسؤولیة لدی الطفل.ویقدّم هذا القسم،فی أربعة فصول،هی إرشادات فی مجال واجبات الطفل الشخصیة،واجباته أمام الأب،الاُم،المعلّم،الذین هم أکبر منه سنّاً،والأصدقاء.

وممّا یجدر ذکره أنّ المخاطب بهذا الکتاب هم:العوائل،التربویون،الباحثون فی مجال تعلیم الطفل وتربیته.وبناءً علی ذلک،فإنّ الکتاب لا یخاطب الأطفال بشکل مباشر.

وقد سعینا لأن یکون هذا الکتاب جامعاً لنصوص أهمّ إرشادات القرآن والأحادیث الإسلامیة فی مجال تعلیم الطفل وتربیته،وأضفنا إلیه التحلیلات والإیضاحات اللازمة.

ولکن ممّا لا شکّ فیه أنّ شرح هذه الإرشادات بحاجة إلی تألیف کتب مستقلّة فی المجالات المختلفة للقضایا التربویة للأطفال،ولذلک فإنّ هذا الکتاب من شأنه أن یکون ذخیرة ثقافیة قیّمة لمؤلّفی الکتب الخاصّة بتعلیم وتربیة الأطفال.

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with them equally, fulfilling promises made to them and making them happy.

The fifth chapter turns the attention of those in charge of upbringing to the role of the child's outer appearance, his sense of beauty, his desire to play and how these things lead to the enhanc ement of his growth.

The sixth chapter emphasizes praying for children and refraining from cursing them and the role it has in their upbringing along with the parent's program of raising them.This is why it is referred to as one of the rights of a child.The supp lication of Imām al-Sajjād )a.s.( for his children that is mentioned at the end of this chapter is a worthy guide for Muslim families.

The third section explains the duties of a child.It is incumbent upon a qualified trainer that along with fulfilling the duties mentioned in sections one and two, he/she must prepare the grounds for children to adopt a sense of resp onsibi lity.

This section which is divided into four chapters speaks about the personal duties of a child, and his duties in relation to his parents, his teachers, those older than him and his friends.

The targeted readers of this book 'Children in the Qurān and Sunnah' are families, those in charge of upbringing, trainers and resear chers of children education.Children themselves are not the direct addressees in this comp ilation.

Another important point is that diligent attempts were made to combine in this work the most important teachings of the Qurān and Islamic traditions in the field of upbringing and education of children.Important commen taries and necessary explan ations have been added in particular places.

Without doubt, commentary on each of these guidelines would need the compiling of indep endent books in different fields of children's upbringing.Therefore, this collection can be a valuable cultural source for those interested in the field of children education.

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وهنا اقدّم شکری وتقدیری الخالصین إلی جمیع الزملاء الأعزّاء و الأفاضل فی«مرکز دراسات علوم ومعارف الحدیث»الذین آزرونی فی تألیف هذا الأثر المفید والقیّم،خاصّة فضیلة الشیخ عبّاس پسندیده،الّذی أخذ علی عاتقه تقدیم العون والمساعدة لی فی تدوینها وأسأل الله تعالی لهم جمیعاً الأجر الّذی یلیق بفضله جلّ جلاله.

ربّنا تقبّل منّا إنّک أنت السّمیع العلیم

محمّد محمّدی الرَّیشهری

20 جمادی الثانی 1431 ه.ق

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In conclusion, I would like to sincerely thank all my respected colleagues at the 'Hadith Sciences and Studies Institute' for assisting me in the compiling and research of this valuable comp ilation, in particular, the esteemed scholar Mr.Abbas Pasandideh for his coop eration in compiling the book.

I would also like to gratefully thank the eminent scholar Hujjatul-Islam Sh.Muhammad Sharif Mahdavi for super vising the project along with comparing and reviewing the text and Mr.Zaid Alsalami for editing this work and assisting him in this task.

I beseech Allah the Beneficent with His Mercy to bestow upon them all a reward.

Our Lord! Accept it from us! Indeed You are the All-hearing, the All-knowing.

Muhammad Muhammadi Rayshahri

02 Jamādi al-Thāni, 1341

]The Birth Annive rsary of Fātimah al-Zahrā )a.s.(.[

3 June, 0102

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Population Control from the Viewpoint of Islam:

Pondering on the above-mentioned, it becomes clear that the purpose of the traditions that encourage Muslims to have more children is to arrange a program for producing as many healthy and righteous children as possible in order to create an exemplary society.In this case, not only does Islam oppose the control of the growth of population, but it supports the increase of the population of a Godly society.However, in the conditions brought about by economic diffic ulties and cultural corrup tion where families do not have the ability to raise qualified children, the increase of children is not desirable and there is a need for family planning to control the population.

Therefore, according to the instru ctions of the leaders of Islam, the Islamic government and the Muslim families are obliged to organise their programs aimed to increase the population based on their economic and cultural abilities.If it is not possible to raise righteous people and have an increase in population at the same time, it is preferred to prevent population growth and give priority to the upbringing of righteous children.

have in this regard is warning against the destru ctive role of consuming unlawful food.The fetus that originates from the consu mption of unlawful food will end up with the deviation and aberration of the child.The families who desire happiness for their children must avoid eating prohibited food.Such preca utions regarding food must be specifi cally observed by mothers during their pregnancy, and mothers should not even particip ate in any feast whose food is doubtful.

Moreover, the consump tion of certain kinds of food and fruits is recomme nded for fathers and mothers prior to the formation of the fetus, throughout the period of pregnancy and after giving birth.

الفَصلُ الأَوّلُ:الأُسرة

1/1:بِناءُ الأُسرَةِ

1:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: ما یَمنَعُ المُؤمِنَ أَن یَتَّخِذَ أهلاً،لَعَلَّ اللهَ َ أن یَرزُقَهُ نَسَمةً تُثقِلُ الأَرضَ بِلا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ. (1)

2:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: خِیارُ امَّتِی المُتَأَهِّلونَ،و شِرارُ امَّتِی العُزّابُ. (2)

3:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما بُنِیَ بِناءٌ فِی الإِسلامِ أحَبُّ إلَی اللهِ ِ تَعالی مِنَ التَّزویجِ. (3)

4:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: اتَّخِذُوا الأَهلَ؛فَإِنَّهُ أَرزَقُ لَکُم. (4)

2/1:طَلَبُ الوَلَدِ

5:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: اطلُبُوا الوَلَدَ وَ التَمِسوهُ؛فَإنَّهُ قُرَّةُ العَینِ،و رَیحانَةُ القَلبِ. (5)

6:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: لا یَدَع أحَدُکُم طَلَبَ الوَلَدِ؛فَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إذا ماتَ و لَیسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ انقَطَعَ اسمُهُ. (6)

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7:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: بَیتٌ لا صِبیانَ فیهِ لا بَرَکَةَ فیهِ. (1)

8:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما وُلِدَ فی أهلِ بَیتٍ غُلامٌ إلّا أصبَحَ فیهِم عِزٌّ لَم یَکُن. (2)

9:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ریحُ الوَلَدِ مِن ریحِ الجَنَّةِ. (3)

10:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: الوَلَدُ للوالِدِ رَیحانَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ یَشَمُّها،(قَسَّمَها) بَینَ عِبادِهِ. (4)

11:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: الوَلَدُ ثَمَرُ القَلبِ،و إنَّهُ مَجبَنَةٌ مَبخَلَةٌ مَحزَنَةٌ. (5)

12:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ لِکُلِّ شَیءٍ ثَمَرَةً،و ثَمَرَةَ القَلبِ الوَلَدُ. (6)

13:مسند ابن حنبل عن الأشعث ابن قیس: قَدِمتُ عَلی رَسولِ الله صلی الله علیه وآله فی وَفدِ کِندَةَ،فَقالَ لی:هَل لَکَ مِن وَلَدٍ؟قُلتُ:غُلامٌ وُلِدَ لِی فی مَخرَجی إلَیکَ مِن ابنَةِ جَدٍّ، (7)و لَوَدِدتُ أنَّ مَکانَهُ شِبعُ القَومِ! قالَ صلی الله علیه وآله:لا تَقولَنَّ ذلِکَ،فَإِنَّ فیهِم قُرَّةَ عَینٍ وأجرا إذا قُبِضوا ثَمَّ،و لَئِن قُلتَ ذاکَ إنَّهُم لَمَجبَنَةٌ مَحزَنَةٌ،إنَّهُم لَمَجبَنَةٌ مَحزَنَةٌ. (8)

14:الإمام زین العابدین علیه السلام: مِن سَعادَةِ الرَّجُلِ أن یَکونَ لَهُ وُلدٌ یَستَعینُ بِهِم. (9)

15:الإمام الکاظم علیه السلام: سَعَدَ امرُؤٌ لَم یَمُت حَتَّی یَری خَلَفا مِن نَفسِهِ. (10)

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7:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:A house that does not have children does not have blessings. (1)

8:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:There is no child born in a family without the family gaining honor they did not previously enjoy. (2)

9:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:The scent of a child is a breeze from Paradise. (3)

10:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:A child for a father is a sweet-basil from Allah which he smells, and He has distri buted it among His worshi ppers. (4)

11:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:A child is the fruit of the heart, and indeed it is the source of fear, envy and sorrow. (5)

12:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Verily, everything has a fruit, and the fruit of one's heart is his child. (6)

13:Musnad Ibn Hanbal, narrating from al-Ash'ath ibn Qays who said:I went to the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( accomp anied by the repr esentat ives of the tribe of Kindah and he asked me:Do you have a child?I answered:At the time I left home to come to you, a boy was born to me from the daughter of Jadd (7) , but I wished that instead of that I could satiate my family.The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Never say that, because in children is the comfort of the eye ]if they stay alive[ and they are the cause of reward if they are taken away.However, if you say that they are the cause of fear and sorrow then yes they are the cause of fear and sorrow. (8)

14:Imām al-Sajjād )a.s.( said:A part of a man's happiness is having a child who assists him. (9)

15:Imām al-Kāzim )a.s.( said:A person is happy that can see a successor )offspring( for himself before his death. (10)

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16:الکافی عن بکر بن صالح: کَتَبتُ إلی أبِی الحَسَنِ علیه السلام:إنِّی اجتَنَبتُ طَلَبَ الوَلَدِ مُنذُ خَمسِ سِنینَ،و ذلِکَ أنَّ أهلی کَرِهَت ذلِکَ و قالَت:إنَّهُ یَشتَدُّ عَلَیَ تَربِیَتُهُم؛لِقِلَّةِ الشَّیءِ،فَما تَری؟

فَکَتَبَ علیه السلام إلَیَ:اُطلُبِ الوَلَدَ؛فَإِنَّ اللهَ عزوجل یَرزُقُهُم. (1)

17:الإمام الرضا علیه السلام: إنَّ اللهَ تَبارَکَ وتَعالی إذا أرادَ بِعَبدٍ خَیراً لَم یُمِتهُ حَتّی یُرِیَهُ الخَلَفَ (2). (3)

3/1:فَضلُ الوَلَدِ الصّالِحِ

18:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مِن سَعادَةِ الرَّجُلِ الوَلَدُ الصّالِحُ. (4)

19:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ الوَلَدَ الصّالِحَ رَیحانَةٌ مِن رَیاحینِ الجَنَّةِ. (5)

20:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: الوَلَدُ الصّالِحُ رَیحانَةٌ مِنَ اللهِ ِ قَسَمَها بَینَ عِبادِهِ،وَإِنَّ رَیحانَتَیَ مِنَ الدُّنیا الحَسَنُ والحُسَینُ،سَمَّیتُهُما بِاسمِ سِبطَینِ مِن بَنی إسرائِیلَ:شَبَّراً و شَبیراً (6). (7)

21:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مِن نِعمَةِ اللهِ ِ عَلَی الرَّجُلِ أن یُشبِهَهُ وَلَدُهُ. (8)

22:الکافی عن محمّد بن سنان عمّن حدثه: کانَ عَلِیُّ بنُ الحُسَینِ علیه السلام إذا بُشِّرَ بِالوَلَدِ لَم یَسأَل أذَکَرٌ هُوَ أم انثی حَتّی یَقولَ:أسَوِیٌّ؟فَإن کانَ سَوِیّا قالَ:الحَمدُ للهِ ِِ الَّذی لَم یَخلُق مِنِّی شَیئا مُشَوَّهاً. (9)

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16:al-Kāfi, narrating from Bakr ibn Sālih who wrote to Abu al-Hasan ]al-Kāzim[ )a.s.(:I have been avoiding having a child for five years, and it's because my wife does not like it and she says that it will be difficult to raise them due to lack of wealth.What is your opinion?He wrote back:Seek in having a child, for Allah will provide their sustenance. (1)

17:Imām al-Ridā (2) )a.s.( said:Indeed if Allah the Exalted wishes good for a servant, He will not cause him to die until He shows him an offspring. (3)

23:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: مِن سَعادَةِ الرَّجُلِ أن یَکونَ لَهُ الوَلَدُ یُعرَفُ فیهِ شِبهُهُ،خَلقُهُ وخُلُقُهُ وشَمائِلُهُ. (1)

4/1:إلحاقُ ذُرِّیَّةِ المُؤمِنینَ بِهِمْ فِی الجَنَّةِ

(وَ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا وَ اتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّیَّتُهُمْ بِإِیمانٍ أَلْحَقْنا بِهِمْ ذُرِّیَّتَهُمْ وَ ما أَلَتْناهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَیْءٍ کُلُّ امْرِئٍ بِما کَسَبَ رَهِینٌ ). 2

24:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-فی قَولِ اللهِ: (وَ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا وَ اتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّیَّتُهُمْ بِإِیمانٍ أَلْحَقْنا بِهِمْ ذُرِّیَّتَهُمْ ) -: قَصَرَتِ الأبناءُ عَن عَمَلِ الآباءِ،فألحَقُوا الأبناءَ بِالآباءِ لِتَقَرَّ بِذلِکَ أعیُنُهُم. (2)

5/1:فَضْلُ تَحَمُّلِ أذَی الطِّفْلِ

25:الکافی عن محمّد بن مسلم: کُنتُ جالِساً عِندَ أبی عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام إذ دَخَلَ یونسُ بنُ یَعقوبَ فَرَأیتُهُ یَئِنُّ،فَقالَ لَهُ أبو عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام:ما لی أراکَ تَئِنُّ؟

قالَ:طِفلٌ لی تَأَذَّیتُ بِهِ اللَّیلَ أجمَعَ.

فَقالَ لَهُ أبو عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام:یا یونُسُ،حَدَّثَنی أبی مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَلِیّ،عَن آبائِهِ علیهم السلام،عَن جَدّی رَسولِ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله أنَّ جَبرَئیلَ نَزَلَ عَلَیهِ و رَسولُ اللهِ ِ وَ عَلِیّ صَلواتُ اللهِ ِ عَلَیهِما یئِنّانِ،فَقالَ جَبرَئیلُ علیه السلام:یا حَبیبَ اللهِ ِ،ما لی أراکَ تَئِنُّ؟

فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:طِفلانِ لَنا تَأَذَّینا بِبُکائِهِما.

ص:30

23:Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( said:From among the signs of a man's happiness is that his son is similar to him in body, morals and behavior. (1)

فَقالَ جَبرَئیلُ:مَه یا مُحَمَّدُ،فإِنَّهُ سَیُبعَثُ لِهؤلاءِ القَومِ شیعَةٌ إذا بَکی أحَدُهُم فَبُکاؤُهُ«لا إله إِلَّا اللهُ ُ»إلی أن یَأتِیَ عَلَیهِ سَبعُ سِنینَ،فَإِذا جازَ السَّبعَ فَبُکاؤُهُ استِغفارٌ لِوالِدَیهِ إلی أن یأتِیَ عَلَی الحَدِّ،فَإِذا جازَ الحَدَّ فَما أتی مِن حَسَنَةٍ فَلِوالِدَیهِ،و ما أتی مِن سَیِّئَةٍ فَلا عَلَیهِما. (1)

6/1:کَثْرَةُ الأَولادِ

26:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: تَزَوَّجوا بِکراً وَلوداً،و لا تَزَوَّجوا حَسناءَ جَمیلَةً عاقِراً؛فَإنِّی اباهی بِکُمُ الاُمَمَ یَومَ القِیامَةِ. (2)

27:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: تَزَوَّجُوا الوَدودَ الوَلودَ؛فَإنّی مُکاثِرٌ بِکُمُ الاُمَمَ یَومَ القِیامَةِ. (3)

28:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: دَعُوا الحَسناءَ العاقِرَ،و تَزَوَّجُوا السَّوداءَ الوَلودَ؛فَإنِّی اکاثِرُ بِکُمُ الاُمَمَ یَومَ القِیامَةِ. (4)

29:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: أکثِرُوا الوَلَدَ اکاثِر بِکُمُ الاُمَمَ غَداً. (5)

30:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: لَمّا لَقِیَ یوسُفُ أخاهُ قالَ لَهُ:یا أَخی کَیفَ استَطَعتَ أن تَتَزوَّجَ النِّساءَ بَعدی؟

قالَ:إنَّ أبی أمَرَنی و قالَ:إنِ استَطَعتَ أن تَکونَ لَکَ ذُرِّیَّةٌ تُثقِلُ الأَرضَ بِالتَّسبیحِ فَافعَل. (6)

ص:32

his crying will be like uttering 'There is no god but Allah' until he becomes seven years old, and from seven years old on until he reaches puberty, his crying will be seeking forgiv eness for his parents, and when he passes his age of puberty, every good deed he performs will be ]a reward[ for his parents, but any bad act he commits will not affect them. (1)

7/1:فَضلُ البَناتِ

31:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مِن یُمنِ المَرأةِ أن یَکونَ بِکرُها جارِیَةً. (1)

32:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ریح الوَلَدِ مِن ریحِ الجَنَّةِ،و لا یُحِبُّ البَناتَ إلّا مُؤمِنٌ. (2)

33:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: البَنونَ نَعیمٌ،وَ البَناتُ حَسَناتٌ،وَ اللهُ ُ یَسألُ عَنِ النَّعیمِ،و یُثیبُ عَلَی الحَسَناتِ (3). (4)

8/1:ثَوابُ تَربِیَةِ البَناتِ

34:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: نِعمَ الوَلَدُ البَناتُ المُخَدَّراتُ،مَن کانَت عِندَهُ واحِدَةٌ جَعَلَهَا اللهُ ُ سِتراً لَهُ مِنَ النّارِ،وَ مَن کانَت عِندَهُ اثنَتانِ أَدخَلَهُ اللهُ بِهِمَا الجَنَّةَ،وَ إِن کُنَّ ثَلاثا أو مِثلَهُنَّ مِنَ الأخَواتِ،وَضَعَ عَنهُ الجِهادَ وَ الصَّدَقَةَ. (5)

35:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: البَناتُ هُنَّ المُشفِقاتُ المُجَهِّزاتُ المُبارَکاتُ،مَن کانَت لَهُ ابنَةٌ واحِدَةٌ جَعَلَهَا اللهُ لَهُ سِترا مِنَ النّارِ،و مَن کانَت عِندَهُ ابنَتانِ ادخِلَ الجَنَّةَ بِهِما،و مَن کانَت عِندَهُ ثَلاثُ بَناتٍ أو مِثلُهُنَّ مِنَ الأخَواتِ وُضِعَ عَنهُ الجِهادُ وَ الصَّدَقَةُ. (6)

36:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن عالَ جَارِیَتَینِ حَتَّی تُدرِکا دَخَلتُ الجَنَّةَ أنا وَ هُوَ کَهاتَینِ وَأشارَ بِإصبَعَیهِ السَّبّابَةِ وَالوُسطی. (7)

ص:34

37:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن عالَ ثَلاثَ بَناتٍ حَتّی یُبنیهُنَّ،کُنَّ لَهُ حِجابا مِنَ النّارِ. (1)

9/1:رِعایَةُ الإِناثِ مِنَ الأولادِ

38:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن دَخَلَ السّوقَ فَاشتَری تُحفَةً،فحَمَلَها إلی عِیالِهِ،کانَ کَحامِلِ صَدَقَةٍ إلی قَومٍ مَحاویجَ،و لیَبدَأ بِالإِناثِ قَبلَ الذُّکورِ؛فَإنَّهُ مَن فَرَّحَ انثی فَکَأنَّما عَتَقَ رَقَبَةً مِن وُلدِ اسماعیلَ،و مَن أقَرَّ بِعَینِ ابنٍ فَکَأنَّما بَکی مِن خَشیَةِ اللهِ ِ،وَ مَن بَکی مِن خَشیَةِ اللهِ ِ أدخَلَهُ اللهُ ُ جَنّاتِ النَّعیمِ. (2)

10/1:ذَمُّ کَراهَةِ البَناتِ

39:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تَکرَهُوا البَناتِ؛فَإنَّهُنَّ المُؤنِساتُ الغالِیاتُ. (3)

40:کتاب من لا یحضره الفقیه: بُشِّرَ النَّبِیُّ صلی الله علیه وآله بِابنَةٍ فَنَظَرَ فی وُجوهِ أصحابِهِ،فَرَاَی الکَرَاهَةَ فیهِم،فَقالَ:ما لَکُم؟رَیحانَةٌ أشَمُّها،وَ رِزقُها عَلَی اللهِ عزوجلِ. (4)

41:الکافی عن الجارود بن المنذر: قالَ لی أبو عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام:بَلَغَنی أنَّهُ وُلِدَ لَکَ ابنَةٌ فَتَسخَطُها! وَما عَلَیکَ مِنها؟! رَیحانَةٌ تَشَمُّها،وَقَد کُفِیتَ رِزقَها،و قَد کانَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله أبا بَناتٍ. (5)

42:الکافی عن إبراهیم الکرخی عن ثقة حدّثه من أصحابنا: تَزَوَّجتُ بِالمَدینَةِ،فَقالَ لی أبو عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام:کَیفَ رَأیتَ؟

ص:36

37:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:He who raises three daughters until they marry will be veiled by them from Hellfire. (1)

قُلتُ:ما رَأی رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَیرٍ فی امرَأَةٍ إلّا وَقَد رَأیتُهُ فیها،ولکِن خانَتنی!

فَقالَ:وَما هُوَ؟

قُلتُ:وَلَدَت جَارِیَةً.

قالَ:لَعَلَّکَ کَرِهتَها،إنَّ اللهَ عزوجلَ یَقولُ: (آباؤُکُمْ وَ أَبْناؤُکُمْ لا تَدْرُونَ أَیُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَکُمْ نَفْعاً) 1. 2

43:کشف الغمّة عن أیُّوب بن نوح: کانَ لِیَحیَی بنِ زَکَرِیّا حَملٌ،فَکَتَبَ إلَیهِ [أی إلَی الإِمامِ الهادی علیه السلام ]:إنَّ لی حَملاً فَادعُ اللهَ َ أن یَرزُقَنی ابناً.

فَکَتَبَ إلَیهِ:رُبَّ ابنَةٍ خَیرٌ مِن ابنٍ،فَوُلِدَت لَهُ ابنةٌ. (1)

11/1:ذَمُّ الوَلَدِ السَّوءِ

44:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: وَلَدُ السّوءِ یَهدِمُ الشَّرَفَ،وَ یَشینُ السَّلَفَ. (2)

45:عنه علیه السلام: وَلَدُ السّوءِ یَعِرُّ (3)السَّلَفَ،و یُفسِدُ الخَلَفَ. (4)

46:عنه علیه السلام: وَلَدٌ عَقُوقٌ مِحنَةٌ وشُؤمٌ. (5)

47:عنه علیه السلام: أشَدُّ المَصائِبِ سوءُ الخَلَفِ. (6)

ص:38

said:There is no man that has found any good in a woman in the way I saw in her, but she betrayed me.

He asked:What betrayal was it?

I answered:She gave birth to a female.

He said:It seems that you hate her.Allah says:your parents and your children-you do not know which of them is likelier to be beneficial for you. (1) (2)

43:Kashf al-Ghummah, narrating from Ayyub ibn Nuh who said: Yahyā ibn Zachariah ]his wife[ was expecting a child, so he wrote to him ]i.e.Imām al-Hādi[ )a.s.(, saying:I am expecting a newborn, so please beseech Allah to grant me a son.

He ]the Imām[ )a.s.( wrote back to him:Many a time it is that a daughter is better than a son! And a daughter was born to him. (3)

48:عنه علیه السلام: شَرُّ الأولادِ العاقُّ. (1)

49:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إیّاکُم أن تَعمَلوا عَمَلاً یُعیِّرونا بِهِ،فَإِنَّ وَلَدَ السَّوءِ یُعَیَّرُ والِدُهُ بِعَمَلِهِ. (2)

12/1:طَلَبُ الاُسْرَةِ الصّالِحَةِ مِنَ اللهِ

50:الکافی عن أبی بصیر: قالَ لی أبو عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:إذا تَزَوَّجَ أحدُکُم کَیفَ یَصنَعُ؟

قُلتُ:لا أدری.

قالَ:إذا هَمَّ بِذلِکَ فَلیُصَلِّ رَکعتَینِ،ویَحمَدِ اللهَ َ،ثُمَّ یَقولُ:اللّهُمَّ إنِّی اریدُ أن أتَزَوَّجَ فَقَدِّر لِی مِنَ النِّساءِ أَعَفَّهُنَّ فَرجاً،و أحفَظَهُنَّ لی فی نَفسِها و فی مالی،وأوسَعَهُنَّ رِزقاً،وأعظَمَهُنَّ بَرَکَةً،و قَدِّر لی وَلَداً طَیِّبا تَجعَلُهُ خَلَفاً صَالِحاً فِی حَیاتی وَبَعدَ مَماتِی. (3)

ص:40

48:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The worst of children is a disobe dient one. (1)

49:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Beware of doing acts that would make others scorn us, for a father is scorned due to the acts of his bad child. (2)

الفصل الثّانی:الوِراثَةُ

1/2:العِرْقُ دَسَّاسٌّ

51:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله انظُر فی أیِ ّ نِصابٍ (1)تَضَعُ وَلَدَکَ؛فَإِنَّ العِرقَ دَسَّاسٌ (2). (3)

52:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: النّاسُ مَعادِنُ،وَ العِرقُ دَسّاسٌ، (4)وأدَبُ السّوءِ کَعِرقِ السّوءِ. (5)

53:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: تَزَوَّجُوا فی الحِجرِ الصّالِحِ؛فَإِنَّ العِرقَ دَسّاسٌ. (6)

54:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: تَخَیَّروا لِنُطَفِکُم؛فَإِنَّ النِّساءَ یَلِدنَ أشباهَ إخوانِهِنَّ وأخَواتِهِنَّ. (7)

55:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: إیّاکُم و تَزویجَ الحَمقاءِ؛فَإِنَّ صُحبَتَها بَلاءٌ،و وُلدَها ضَیاعٌ. (8)

ص:42

56:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: تَجِبُ لِلوَلَدِ عَلی والِدِهِ ثَلاثُ خِصالٍ:اختِیارُهُ لِوالِدَتِهِ،و تَحسینُ اسمِهِ،وَ المُبالَغَةُ فی تَأدیبِهِ. (1)

2/2:دَوْرُ الوِرَاثَةِ فی خَلقِ المَولودِ

57:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: أقبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ إلی رَسولِ الله صلی الله علیه وآله فَقالَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،هذِهِ بِنتُ عَمِّی،و أَنَا فُلانُ ابنُ فُلانٍ،حَتّی عَدَّ عَشَرَةَ آباءٍ،و هِیَ فُلانَةُ بِنتُ فُلانٍ حَتّی عَدَّ عَشَرَةَ آباءٍ،لَیسَ فی حَسَبی ولا حَسَبِها حَبَشِیٌّ،و إنَّها وَضَعَت هذَا الحَبَشِیَّ!

فَأطرَقَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله طَویلاً،ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأسَهُ فَقالَ:إنَّ لَکَ تِسعَةً وَ تِسعینَ عِرقاً،و لَها تِسعَةً وَ تِسعینَ عِرقاً،فَإِذَا اشتَمَلتَ اضطَرَبَتِ العُروقُ،و سَألَ اللهَ عزوجل کُلُّ عِرقٍ مِنها أن یُذهِبَ الشَّبَهَ إلَیهِ،قُم فَإِنَّهُ وَلَدُکَ،و لَم یَأتِکَ إلّا مِن عِرقٍ مِنکَ أو عِرقٍ مِنها.

قالَ:فَقامَ الرَّجُلُ و أخَذَ بِیَدِ امرَأَتِهِ،و ازدادَ بِها و بِوَلَدِها عُجباً. (2)

58:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: أتی رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأنصارِ رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَقالَ:هذهِ ابنَةُ عَمِّی وامرَأتی لا أعلَمُ إلّا خَیراً،وَ قَد أتَتنی بِوَلَدٍ شَدیدِ السَّوادِ،مُنتَشِرِ المِنخِرَینِ،جَعدٍ، (3)قَطَطٍ، (4)أفطَسِ (5)الأنفِ،لا أعرِفُ شِبهَهُ فی أخوالی ولا فی أجدادی!

فَقالَ لاِمرَأَتِهِ:ما تَقولینَ؟قالَت:لا وَ الّذی بَعَثَکَ بِالحَقِّ نَبِیّاً،ما أقعَدتُ مَقعَدَهُ مِنّی مُنذُ مَلَکَنی أحَداً غَیرَهُ.

ص:44

56:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:There are three things incumbent on the father in regard to the child:to choose a good mother for him, to give him a good name, and to do his best in discip lining him. (1)

قال:فَنَکَسَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ بِرَأسِهِ مَلِیّاً،ثُمَّ رَفَعَ بَصَرَهُ إلَی السَّماءِ،ثُمَّ أقبَلَ عَلَی الرَّجُلِ فَقالَ:یا هذا،إنَّهُ لَیسَ مِن أحَدٍ إلّا بَینَهُ و بَینَ آدمَ تِسعَةٌ و تِسعونَ عِرقاً،کُلُّها تَضرِبُ فِی النَّسَبِ،فَإِذا وَقَعَتِ النُّطفَةُ فِی الرَّحِمِ اضطَربَت تِلکَ العُروقُ؛تَسأَلُ اللهَ َ الشُّبهَةَ (1)لَها،فَهذا مِن تِلکَ العُروقِ الَّتی لَم یُدرِکها أجدادُکَ و لا أجدادُ أجدادِکَ،خُذ إلَیکَ ابنَکَ.فَقالَتِ المَرأَةُ:فَرَّجتَ عَنّی یا رَسُولَ اللهِ ِ. (2)59:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إنَّ اللهَ عزوجل خَلَقَ لِلرَّحِمِ أربَعَةَ أوعِیَةٍ،فَما کانَ فِی الأوَّلِ فَلِلأبِ،وما کانَ فِی الثّانی فَلِلاُمِّ،و ما کانَ فِی الثّالِثِ فَلِلعُمومَةِ،وَ ما کانَ فِی الرّابِعِ فَلِلخُؤُولَةِ. (3)

60:عنه علیه السلام: إنَّ اللهَ َ تبارَکَ وتعالی إذا أرادَ أن یَخلُقَ خَلقاً جَمَعَ کُلَّ صورَةٍ بَینَهُ و بَینَ آدَمَ،ثُمَّ خَلَقَهُ عَلی صُورَةِ إحداهُنَّ،فَلا یَقولَنَّ أحَدٌ لِوَلَدِهِ:هذا لا یُشبِهُنی ولا یُشبِهُ شَیئاً مِن آبائی. (4)

3/2:دَوْرُ الوِرَاثَةِ فی خُلُقِ المَوْلودِ

61:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: حُسنُ الأخلاقِ بُرهانُ کَرَمِ الأَعراقِ. (5)

62:عنه علیه السلام: إذا کَرُمَ أصلُ الرَّجُلِ کَرُمَ مَغیبُهُ و مَحضَرُهُ. (6)

63:عنه علیه السلام: عَلَیکُم فی طَلَبِ الحَوائِجِ بِشِرافِ النُّفوسِ،ذَوی الاُصولِ الطَّیِّبَةِ؛فَإِنَّها عِندَهُم أقضَی،و هِیَ لَدَیکُم أَزْکی. (7)

ص:46

He )s.a.w.( asked the man's wife:What do you have to say?She answered:No, by Him who has appointed you as a prophet in truth, I have never been with anyone else since he has taken me.

The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( cast down his head for a long while then he looked up at the sky, and then he turned to the man and said:O man! There is no one that does not have between him and Adam ninety nine irq ]genes[, and all of them have effects in the descen dents.When the sperm arrives into the womb, the irqs start to move, and they ask Allah that the child be similar to them.Therefore, this is one of the roots that neither your ancestors nor the ancestors of your ancestors have conceived.Take your child.'

The woman said:O Messenger of Allah! You have solved my problem! (1)

59:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Verily Allah has created four containers for the womb.Whatever ]sperm[ comes into the first container is for the father, whatever comes into the second is for the mother, whatever comes into the third is for paternal uncles, and whatever comes into the fourth is for the maternal uncles. (2)

60:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:When Allah the Exalted, the High, wishes to create someone, He gathers all the features between that person and up to ]the time of[ Adam, then He creates him on the feature of one of them.Therefore, no one should say about their child:This child is neither similar to me nor to any of my ancestors. (3)

64:عنه علیه السلام: عَلَیکُم فی قَضاءِ حَوائِجِکُم بِکِرامِ الأنفُسِ و الاُصولِ،تُنجَح لَکُم عِندَهُم مِن غَیرِ مِطالٍ و لا مَنٍّ. (1)

65:مروج الذهب-فی ذِکرِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ الحَنَفِیَّةِ فی أزمَةِ حَربِ الجَمَلِ لَمّا وَقَفَ حینَ واجَهَتهُ الرِّماحُ والنُّشّابُ-: فَأَتاهُ عَلِیٌ علیه السلام:فَضَرَبَهُ بِقائِمِ سَیفِهِ وقالَ:أَدرَکَکَ عِرقٌ مِن امِّکَ. (2)

66:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-فی زِیارَةِ الأَربَعینَ بِأَبی أنتَ و امِّی یَا ابنَ رَسولِ اللهِ،أشهَدُ أنَّکَ کُنتَ نُوراً فِی الأصلابِ الشّامِخَةِ وَ الأرحامِ الطّاهِرَةِ،لَم تُنَجِّسکَ الجاهِلِیَّةُ بِأنجاسِها،و لَم تُلبِسکَ المُدلَهِمَّاتِ (3)مِن ثِیابِها. (4)

67:عنه علیه السلام: قامَ رَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله خَطیباً فَقالَ:أیُّهَا النّاسُ،إیّاکُم و خَضراءَ الدِّمَنِ.قیلَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ،و ما خَضراءُ الدِّمَنِ؟قالَ:المَرأَةُ الحَسناءُ فی مَنبَتِ السَّوءِ. (5)

4/2:دوْرُ زَواجِ الأقارِبِ

68:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: اغتَرِبوا؛لا تُضووا (6). (7)

69:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تَنکِحُوا القَرابَةَ القَریبَةَ؛فَإِنَّ الوَلَدَ یُخلَقُ ضاوِیاً. (8)

ص:48

64:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Seek your needs from people who are noble and have principles.It is with them that the need is fulfilled promptly and without obligation. (1)

65:Muruj al-Dhahab,-in mentioning Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah in the crisis of the Battle of the Camel when he stopped there facing the spears and arrows-:Then Imām 'Ali )a.s.( came towards him and hit him with the sheath of his sword and said:A blood )irq( from your mother has affected you ]your fear is from your mother's side not from me[. (2)

66:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said,-in Ziyārah al-Arba'in (3) -:May my father and my mother be sacrificed for you, O son of the Messenger of Allah! I bear witness that you were a light in the noble loins and pure wombs.Never did the impurities of the Age of Ignorance pollute you, and never did it cover you with its contamin ations. (4)

67:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:The Prophet of Allah delivered a sermon in which he said:O people! Beware of a nice plant growing in waste.He was asked:O Messenger of Allah! What is a nice plant growing in waste?He answered:A beautiful woman brought up in a bad family. (5)

الفصل الثالث:طَعامُ الوالِدَیْنِ

1/3:دَوْرُ طَعامِ الحَرامِ فِی المَوْلودِ

70:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: یَا ابنَ مَسعودٍ:لا تَأکُلِ الحَرامَ،و لا تَلبَسِ الحَرامَ،و لا تَأخُذ مِنَ الحَرامِ،و لا تَعصِ اللهَ َ؛لِأَنَّ اللهَ َ تَعالی یَقولُ لِإِبلیسَ: (وَ اسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِکَ وَ أَجْلِبْ عَلَیْهِمْ بِخَیْلِکَ وَ رَجِلِکَ وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ وَ عِدْهُمْ وَ ما یَعِدُهُمُ الشَّیْطانُ إِلاّ غُرُوراً) 1. 2

71:تفسیر العیّاشی عن محمّد بن مسلم عن الإمام الباقر علیه السلام،قال: سَأَلتُهُ عَن شِرکِ الشَّیطانِ؛قَولِهِ: (وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ) ،قالَ:ما کانَ مِن مالٍ حَرامٍ فَهُوَ شَریکُ الشَّیطانِ.

قالَ:و یَکونُ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ حَتّی یُجامِعَ،فَیَکونَ مِن نُطفَتِهِ وَنُطفَةِ الرَّجُل إذا کانَ حَراماً. (1)

72:تفسیر العیّاشی عن محمّد عن أحدهما علیهما السلام: شِرکُ الشَّیطانِ ما کانَ مِن مالٍ حَرامٍ فَهُوَ مِن شِرکَةِ الشَّیطان،و یَکونُ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ حِینَ یُجامِعُ،فَیَکونُ نُطفَتُهُ مَعَ نُطفَتِهِ

ص:50

إذا کانَ حَراماً،قالَ:کِلتَیهِما جَمیعاً مُختَلِطَینِ،و قالَ:رُبَّما خُلِقَ مِن واحِدَةٍ،و رُبَّما خُلِقَ مِنهُما جَمیعاً. (1)

73:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: کَسبُ الحَرام یَبینُ فِی الذُّریَّةِ. (2)

2/3:دَوْرُ غِذاءِ الوالِدِ فِی الوَلَدِ

74:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: مَن أکَلَ سَفَرجَلَةً عَلَی الرِّیقِ طابَ ماؤُهُ،و حَسُنَ وَلَدُهُ. (3)

75:طبّ الأئمّة عن بکیر بن محمّد: کُنتُ عِندَ أبی عَبدِ اللهِ ِ الصّادِقِ علیه السلام فَقالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ:یَا ابنَ رَسولِ اللهِ ِ،یولَدُ الوَلَدُ فَیَکونُ فِیهِ البَلَهُ و الضَّعفُ؟

فَقالَ:ما یَمنَعُکَ مِنَ السَّویقِ؟ (4)اشرَبهُ وَمُر أهلَکَ بِهِ؛فَإِنَّهُ یُنبِتُ اللَّحمَ،ویَشُدُّ العَظمَ،ولا یولَدُ لَکُم إلّا القَوِیُ. (5)

76:الإمام الکاظم علیه السلام: مَن أکَلَ البَیضَ و البَصَلَ وَ الزَّیتَ زادَ فی جُماعِهِ،ومَن أکَلَ اللّحمَ بِالبَیضِ کَبُرَ عَظمُ وَلَدِهِ. (6)

77:الکافی عن عمرو بن إبراهیم عن الخراسانی: (7)أکلُ الرُّمّانِ الحُلوِ یَزیدُ فی ماءِ الرَّجُلِ و یُحَسِّنُ الوَلَدَ. (8)

ص:52

He ]Satan[ will accompany the man until he has interc ourse, and so his semen will be mixed with the man's semen if the wealth consumed was unlawful.He said:Both ]their semen[ will be mixed together.And he said:The child might be created from the semen of one, or it might be created from both. (1)

73:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:]The effects of[ Unlawful income will be seen in one's offspring. (2)

3/3:دَوْرُ غِذاءِ الحامِلِ فِی الجَنینِ

78:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: أطعِمُوا المَرأةَ فِی شَهرِها الَّذی تَلِدُ فیهِ التَّمرَ؛فَإنَّ وَلَدَها یَکونُ حَلیماً نَقِیّاً. (1)

79:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: أطعِموا حَبالاکُمُ اللُّبانَ؛فَإِنَّ الصَّبِیَّ إذا غُذِّیَ فی بَطنِ امِّهِ بِاللُّبانِ (2)اشتَدَّ قَلبُهُ،وَ زِیدَ فی عَقلِهِ،فَإِن یَکُ ذَکَراً کانَ شُجاعَاً.... (3)

80:الإمام الرضا علیه السلام: أطعِمُوا حَبالاکُم ذَکَرَ اللُّبان،فَإِن یَکُ فی بَطنِها غُلامٌ خَرَجَ ذَکِیَّ القَلبِ،عَالِماً،شُجاعاً،و إن تَکُ جارِیَةً حَسُنَ خَلقُها و خُلُقُها و.... (4)

81:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: أطعِموا نِساءَکُم الحَوامِلَ اللُّبانَ؛فَإنَّهُ یَزیدُ فی عَقلِ الصَّبِیِ ّ. (5)

82:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما مِن امرَأَةٍ حامِلَةٍ أکَلَت البِطِّیخَ بِالجُبنِ إلّا یَکونُ مَولودُها حَسَنَ الوَجهِ و الخُلُقِ. (6)

ص:54

83:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: أَطعِموا حَبالاکُمُ السَّفَرجَلَ؛فَإِنَّه یُحَسِّنُ أخلاقَ أولادِکُم. (1)

84:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: رائِحَةُ الأَنبِیاءِ علیهم السلام رائِحَةُ السَّفَرجَلِ،و رائِحَةُ الحورِ العینِ رائِحَةُ الآسِ (2)،و رائِحَةُ المَلائِکَةِ رائِحَةُ الوَردِ،و رائِحَةُ ابنَتی فاطِمَةَ الزَّهراءِ علیها السلام رائِحَةُ السَّفَرجَلِ وَ الآسِ وَ الوَردِ،و لا بَعَثَ اللهُ ُ نَبِیّاً و لا وَصِیّاً إلّا وُجِدَ مِنهُ رائِحَةُ السَّفَرجَلِ؛فَکُلوها،وَأَطعِمُوا حَبالاکُم؛یَحسُنَ أولادُکُم. (3)

85:مکارم الأخلاق عن رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: کُلُوا السَّفرجَلَ و تَهادَوهُ بَینَکُم؛فَإِنَّهُ یَجلُو البَصَرَ،و یُنبِتُ المَوَدَّةَ فِی القَلبِ،وأطعِموهُ حَبالاکُم؛فَإِنَّهُ یُحَسِّنُ أولادَکُم.

وفی روایة:یُحَسِّنُ أخلاقَ أولادِکُم. (4)

86:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-لَمّا نَظَرَ إلی غُلامٍ جَمیلٍ یَنبَغی أن یَکونَ أبو هذَا الغُلامِ أکَلَ السَّفَرجَلَ. (5)

87:عنه علیه السلام: عَلَیکَ بالهِندَباءِ؛ (6)فَإِنَّهُ یَزیدُ فِی الماءِ،وَ یُحَسِّنُ الوَلَدَ،و هُوَ حارٌّ لَیِّنٌ،یَزیدُ فِی الوَلَدِ الذُّکورَةَ. (7)

ص:56

83:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Give quince to your pregnant women, for it will make your children have good morals. (1)

84:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:The smell of prophets is the scent of quince, the smell of Houris is the pleasant scent of the 'As tree, the smell of angels is the scent of a rose, and the smell of my daughter Fātimah al-Zahrā )a.s.( is the scent of quince, the 'As tree and a rose.Allah did not send a prophet or a successor that did not have the smell of quince, so eat it and feed it to your pregnant women, for it makes your children beautiful. (2)

85:Makārim al-Akhlāq, narrating from the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( who said: Eat quince and give it to each other as a gift, for it brightens the eyesight and grows friendship in the heart, and feed it to your pregnant women, for it makes your children beautiful.

In another tradition:It ]quince[ will make your children have good morals. (3)

86:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said,-while looking at a handsome boy-:The father of this boy must have eaten quince. (4)

87:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Eat endive, for it increases a man's semen and makes a child handsome.Its nature is hot, it is a laxative and it increases the masculi nity of a child. (5)

ص:57

88:الکافی عن شرحبیل بن مسلم: أنَّهُ (1)قالَ فِی المَرأَةِ الحامِلِ:تَأکُلُ السَّفَرجَلَ؛فَإِنَّ الوَلَدَ یَکونُ أطیَبَ ریحا وَ أَصفَی لَوناً. (2)

4/3:دَوْرُ غِذاءِ النُّفَساءِ فی المَوْلودِ

89:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:لِیَکُن أوَّلُ ما تَأکُلُ النُّفَسَاءُ الرُّطَبَ؛فَإنَّ اللهَ َ تَعالی قالَ لِمَریَمَ: (وَ هُزِّی إِلَیْکِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ تُساقِطْ عَلَیْکِ رُطَباً جَنِیًّا). 3

قیلَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ،فإن لَم یَکُن أوانُ الرُّطَبِ؟

قالَ:سَبعُ تَمراتٍ مِن تَمرِ المَدینَةِ،فإن لَم یَکُن فَسَبعُ تَمراتٍ مِن تَمرِ أمصارِکُم؛فَإِنَّ اللهَ یَقولُ:و عِزَّتی و جَلالِی و عَظَمَتی وَ ارتِفاعِ مَکانی لا تَأکُلُ نُفَساءُ یَومَ تَلِدُ الرُّطَبَ فَیَکونُ غُلاما إلّا کانَ حَلیما،و إن کانت جارِیَةً کانَت حَلیمَةً. (3)

90:عنه علیه السلام: خَیرُ تُمورِکُم البَرنیّ، (4)فأطعِموا النّسَاءَ فی نِفاسِهِنَّ یَخرُج أولادُکُم حُکَمَاءَ. (5)

91:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: أطعِمُوا البَرنِیَّ نِساءَکُم فی نِفاسِهِنَّ تَحلُمُ أولادُکُم. (6)

ص:58

88:al-Kāfi, narrating from Sharhabil ibn Muslim who said:He )a.s.( said concerning a pregnant woman:She should eat quince, for it will give a nicer scent to her child and a better color. (1)

الفصل الرابع:کیفیّة انعقاد النطفة

1/4:آثارُ طیبِ الوِلادَةِ

92:معانی الأخبار عن الحسین بن زید،عن الإمام الصادق علیه السلام عن آبائه علیهم السلام: قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:مَن أحَبَّنا أَهلَ البَیتِ،فَلیَحمَدِ اللهَ َ تَعالی عَلی أوَّلِ النِّعَمِ.قیلَ:و ما أوَّلُ النِّعَمِ؟

قالَ:طیبُ الوِلادَةِ،و لا یُحِبُّنا إلّا مَن طابَت وِلادَتُهُ،وَ لا یُبغِضُنا إلّا مَن خَبُثَت وِلادَتُهُ. (1)

93:علل الشرائع: أبو أیّوبَ الأنصارِیُ:اعرِضوا حُبَّ عَلِیٍ عَلی أولادِکُم،فَمَن أحَبَّهُ فَهُوَ مِنکُم،وَ مَن لَم یُحِبَّهُ فَاسأَلوا امَّهُ مِن أینَ جَاءَت بِهِ؛فَإِنّی سَمِعتُ رَسولَ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله یَقولُ لِعَلِیِ ّ بنِ أبی طالِبٍ:«لا یُحِبُّکَ إلّا مُؤمِنٌ،ولا یُبْغِضُکَ إلّا مُنافِقٌ أو وَلَدُ زِنیَةٍ،أو حَمَلَتهُ امُّهُ وَ هِیَ طامِثٌ». (2)

94:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: جَمیلُ المَقصَدِ یَدُلُّ عَلی طَهارَةِ المَولِدِ. (3)

95:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: مَن طَهُرَت وِلادَتُهُ دَخَلَ الجَنَّةَ. (4)

ص:60

96:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إنَّ اللهَ َ تَعالی خَلَقَ الجَنَّةَ طاهِرَةً مُطَهَّرَةً،فلا یَدخُلُها إلّا مَن طابَت وِلادَتُهُ. (1)

97:عنه علیه السلام: مَن وَجَدَ بَردَ حُبِّنا عَلی قَلبِهِ فَلیُکثِرِ الدُّعاءَ لاُِمِّهِ؛فَإِنَّها لَم تَخُن أباهُ. (2)

2/4:آثارُ خُبْثِ الوِلادَةِ

(وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ). 3

98:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: الخُلُقُ الحَسَنُ لا یُنزَعُ إلّا مِن وَلَدِ حَیضَةٍ،أو وَلَدِ زِنیَةٍ. (3)

99:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله لِعَلیٍ ّ علیه السلام لا یُبغِضُکُم إلّا ثَلاثَةٌ:وَلَدُ زِنا،وَ مُنافِقٌ،وَ مَن حَمَلَت بِهِ امُّهُ و هِیَ حائِضٌ. (4)

100:کنز العمّال عن أبی هریرة عن رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: یَأتی عَلَی النّاسِ زَمانٌ یُشارِکُهُمُ الشَّیاطِینُ فی أولادِهِم.قیلَ:و کائِنٌ ذلِکَ یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ؟قالَ:نَعَم.قالوا:و کَیفَ نَعرِفُ أولادَنا مِن أولادِهِم؟قالَ:بِقِلَّةِ الحَیاءِ،و قِلَّةِ الرَّحمَةِ. (5)

101:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن لَم یَستَحِ فیما قالَ،أو قیلَ لَهُ فَهُوَ لِغَیرِ رِشَدَةٍ،أو حَمَلَت بِهِ امُّهُ عَلی غَیرِ طُهرٍ. (6)

ص:62

96:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Allah created Paradise clean and pure, so no one will enter it except those who are of pure birth. (1)

97:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:He who has found the harmony of our love in his heart must abundantly pray for his mother for she did not betray his father. (2)

102:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:إنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ الجَنَّةَ عَلی کُلِّ فَحّاشٍ بَذیءٍ قَلیلِ الحَیاءِ،لا یُبالی ما قالَ،و لا ما قیلَ لَهُ؛فَإِنَّکَ إن فَتَّشتَهُ لَم تَجِدهُ إلّا لِغَیَّةٍ (1)أو شِرکَ شَیطانٍ.فَقیلَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،و فی النّاسِ شِرکُ شَیطانٍ؟!

فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:أما تَقرَأُ قَولَ اللهِ: (وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ). 2

103:عنه علیه السلام: مَن لَؤُمَ ساءَ میلادُهُ. (2)

104:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: لا یُبغِضُنا إلّا مَن خَبُثَت وِلادَتُهُ،أو حَمَلَت بِهِ امُّهُ فی حَیضِها. (3)

3/4:مَضَارٌّ وَطءِ الحائِضِ

(وَ یَسْئَلُونَکَ عَنِ الْمَحِیضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذیً فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّساءَ فِی الْمَحِیضِ وَ لا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتّی یَطْهُرْنَ فَإِذا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَیْثُ أَمَرَکُمُ اللّهُ إِنَّ اللّهَ یُحِبُّ التَّوّابِینَ وَ یُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِینَ ). 5

105:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله مَن جامَعَ امرَأَتَهُ وهِیَ حائِضٌ فَخَرَجَ الوَلَدُ مَجذوماً أو أبرَصَ فَلا یَلومَنَّ إلّا نَفسَهُ. (4)

106:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ اللهَ تَبارَکَ و تَعالی کَرِه لَکُم أیَّتُها الاُمَّةُ أربَعاً وعِشرینَ خَصلَةً،ونَهاکُم عَنها:...کَرِهَ لِلرَّجُلِ أن یَغشَی امرَأَتَهُ و هِیَ حائِضٌ،فَإِن غَشِیَها فَخَرَجَ

ص:64

102:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( said:'Allah has prohibited the entering of Paradise for he who is abusive, has little modesty, and does not fear of what he says and what is said about him.If you were to invest igate him, you would not find him other than being born from an illegit imate relation ship or the partn ership with Satan.

He was asked:O Messenger of Allah! Is there a partner of Satan among people?

The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Have you not read Allah's saying:and share with them in wealth and children? (1)

103:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:He who is vile is a sign of his birth being malevolent. (2)

104:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:No one will hate us except he whose birth is impure, or their mother became pregnant during her menses. (3)

الوَلَدُ مَجذوما أو أبرَصَ فَلا یَلومَنَّ إلّا نَفسَهُ. (1)

107:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن وَطِئَ امرَأَتَهُ و هِیَ حائِضٌ فَقُضِیَ بَینَهُما وَلَدٌ فأصابَهُ جُذامٌ فَلا یَلومَنَّ إلّا نَفسَهُ. (2)

108:الکافی عن عذافر الصیرفی: قالَ أبو عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:تَری هؤُلاءِ المُشَوَّهینَ خَلقُهُم؟قالَ:قُلتُ:نَعَم.

قالَ:هؤُلاءِ الَّذینَ آباؤهُم یَأتونَ نِساءَهُم فِی الطَّمَثِ. (3)

4/4:بَرَکاتُ الدُّعاءِ عِنْدَ الجِماعِ

109:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: أما لَو أنَّ أحَدَهُم یَقولُ حِینَ یَأتی أهلَهُ:«بِسمِ اللهِ،اللّهُمَّ جَنِّبنی الشَّیطانَ،و جَنِّبِ الشَّیطانَ ما رَزَقتَنا»ثُمَّ قُدِّرَ بَینَهما فِی ذلِکَ أو قُضِیَ وَلَدٌ (4). (5)

110:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: یا عَلِیُ،إذا جامَعتَ فَقُل:«بِسمِ اللهِ،اللّهُمَّ جَنِّبنَا الشَّیطانَ و جَنِّبِ الشَّیطانَ ما رَزَقتَنی»،فَإِن قُضِیَ أن یَکونَ بَینَکُما وَلَدٌ لَم یَضُرَّهُ الشَّیطانُ أبَداً. (6)

111:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: إذا أرادَ أحَدُکُم مُجامَعَةَ زَوجَتِهِ فَلیَقُل:اللّهُمَّ إنّی استَحلَلتُ فَرجَها بِأَمرِکَ،و قَبِلتُها بِأَمانَتِکَ،فَإِن قَضَیتَ لی مِنها وَلَداً فَاجعَلهُ ذَکَراً سَوِیّاً،و لا تَجعَل

ص:66

leprosy or alphosis, he should not blame anyone other than himself. (1)

107:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:If someone was to have interc ourse with his wife while she is in her menses and then a child is born to them who is afflicted with leprosy, he should not blame anyone other than himself. (2)

108:al-Kāfi, narrating from 'Adhāfir al-Sayrafi who said: Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( said:Do you see these repulsive looking people?

I said:Yes.

He said:It is because their fathers had interc ourse with their mothers while they were in their menses. (3) (4)

لِلشَّیطانِ فیهِ نَصیبا و لا شَریکاً. (1)

112:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: إذا أرَدتَ الوَلَدَ فَقُل عِندَ الجِماعِ:اللّهُمَّ ارزُقنی وَلَداً،وَ اجَعَلهُ تَقِیّاً لَیسَ فی خَلقِهِ زِیادَةٌ و لا نُقصانٌ،وَ اجعَل عاقِبَتَهُ إلی خَیرٍ. (2)

113:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: مَن أرادَ أن یُحبَلَ لَهُ فَلیُصَلِّ رَکعَتَینِ بَعدَ الجُمعَةِ،یُطیلُ فیهِمَا الرُّکوعَ وَ السُّجودَ،ثُمَّ یَقولُ:اللّهُمَّ إنّی أَسأَلُکَ بِما سَأَلَکَ بِهِ زَکرِیّا،یا رَبِّ لا تَذَرنِی فَردا و أنتَ خَیرُ الوارِثینَ،اللّهُمَّ هَب لی مِن لَدُنکَ ذُرِّیَّةً طَیِّبَةً،إنَّکَ سَمِیعُ الدُّعاءِ،اللّهُمَّ بِاسمِکَ استَحلَلتُها،و فی أمانَتِکَ أخَذتُها،فَإِن قَضَیتَ فی رَحِمِها وَلَدا فَاجعَلهُ غُلاما مُبارَکا زَکِیّا،و لا تَجعَل لِلشَّیطانِ فیهِ شِرکا و لا نَصیبا. (3)

114:تفسیر العیّاشی عن سلیمان بن خالد: قُلتُ لِأبی عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:ما قَولُ اللهِ:«شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الاْءَمْوَ لِ وَ الاْءَوْلَدِ»؟قالَ:فَقالَ:قُل فی ذلِکَ قَولاً:أَعوذُ بِاللهِ السَّمیعِ العَلیمِ مِنَ الشَّیطانِ الرَّجیمِ. (4)

5/4:دَوْرُ الأَحْوالِ فِی انْعِقادِ النُّطفَةِ

115:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: یُکرَهُ أن یَغشَی الرَّجُلُ المَرأَةَ و قَدِ احتَلَمَ حَتّی یَغتَسِلَ مِنِ احتِلامِهِ الَّذی رَأی،فَإن فَعَلَ و خَرَجَ الوَلَدُ مَجنوناً فَلا یَلومَنَّ إلّا نَفسَهُ. (5)

ص:68

share in him nor any partne rship. (1)

112:Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( said:When you intend to have a child, then say at the time of copulation:O Allah! Bless me with a child and make him pious, with no additional or missing organs ]physically healthy[ and make his ending a good one. (2)

113:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:He who desires his wife to become pregnant, he should perform a two-unit prayer with long bowing and prostr ation after his Friday prayers, and then say:O Allah! I beseech You the same thing that Zachariah asked You.O Lord! Do not leave me by myself, for You are the best of inheritors! O' Allah! Bestow upon me from You a pure offspring, indeed You are the hearer of prayers.O' Allah! By Your name I made her lawful for me and I took her as a trust from You.So, if You have decreed a child in her womb, make the child a blessed pure one and do not allow Satan to have a share or partn ership with him. (3)

114:Tafsir al 'Ayyāshi, narrating from Sulaymān ibn Khālid who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( about the meaning of Allah's saying:'and share with them in wealth and children' He )a.s.( answered:In this regard, you must say:I seek refuge in Allah the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing from the accursed Satan. (4)

116:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله إذا أتی أحَدُکُم أهلَهُ فَلیَستَتِر؛فَإِنَّهُ إذا لَم یَستَتِر استَحیَتِ المَلائِکَةُ و خَرَجَت،و حَضَرَهُ الشَّیطانُ،فَإذا کانَ بَینَهُما وَلَدٌ کانَ الشَّیطانُ فیهِ شَریکٌ (1). (2)

117:الإمام الرضا علیه السلام الجِماعُ بَعدَ الجِماعِ مِن غَیرِ أن یَکونَ بَینَهُما غُسلٌ یُورِثُ لِلوَلَدِ الجُنونَ. (3)

118:عنه علیه السلام: لا تَقرَبِ النِّساءَ فی أوَّلِ اللَّیلِ لا شِتاءً و لا صَیفاً،و ذلِکَ أنَّ المَعِدَةَ وَ العُروقَ تَکونُ مُمتَلِئَةً و هُوَ غَیرُ مَحمودٍ،یُتَخَوَّفُ مِنهُ القولَنجُ (4)وَ الفالِجُ،و اللَّقوَةُ، (5)و النِّقرِسُ، (6)و الحَصاةُ،و التَّقطِیرُ،وَ الفَتقُ وَ ضَعفُ البَصَرِ و الدِّماغِ.

فَإِذا أُریدَ ذلِکَ فَلیَکُن فی آخِرِ اللَّیلِ؛فَإِنَّهُ أصَحُّ لِلبَدَنِ،و أرجی لِلوَلَدِ،وَ أذکی لِلعَقلِ فِی الوَلَدِ الَّذی یُقضی بَینهُما. (7)

ص:70

116:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:If any of you copulates with his wife, he must cover himself, for if he does not cover himself, the angels will become shy and leave, and Satan will be present, and so if a child is conceived from them, Satan has a share in him. (1)

117:Imām al-Ridā )a.s.( said:Having interc ourse after inte rcourse without a ritual bath in between will cause insanity in the child ]conceived from it[. (2)

118:Imām al-Ridā )a.s.( said:Do not have interc ourse with women at the beginning of the night, whether in winter or summer, as the stomach and veins are full and it is not an appro priate act.There is also the fear of colic, coarse tremor, gout, renal calculus )stone(, dribbling, hernia, poor eyesight and weak memory.So, if you intend to have inter course, it must be at the end of the night, for it is healthier for the body and more hopeful for the child ]being conceived[, and it is better for the increase of intellig ence of the child that is conceived between them. (3) (4)

ص:71

ص:72

ص:74

A( What is meant here by bathing is not simply washing, but a ritual religious bathing.Accordi ngly, the person who bathes the baby must observe the rulings of ritual bathing, such as the intention and the order of washing the parts.

B( This bathing is recom mended, provided it does not harm the newborn in any way. (1)

C( The act of bathing the newborn is recom mended to be done at the time of birth, and it is permi ssible to delay it for up to three days. (2)

D( Some of the early jurists viewed that the ritual bathing of a newborn is obligatory. (3)

The recomm endation of other things like feeding the baby with rain water, warm water, dates and honey before anything else have also been mentioned in some traditions.Therefore, if possible, it is better to combine and mix honey, dates and some rain water or water from the Euphrates and then give to the baby. (1)

This also indicates that the first food given to the newborn, like the first voices the newborn hears, play an effective role in the fate of the child.

G( Certain names like Muhammad and Fātimah have special rights and respect that must be observed because of their connection with great Islamic characters.

H( There are some names that are rep rehensible )makruh( because they symbolise the wrong and injustice, like:Shahāb, Hariq, Hubāb, Kalb, Firār, Harb, and Zālim.

I( It is disapp roved to put names that indicate pride, or something whose negation in a conver sation is considered as a bad omen, such as:Mubārak-the blessed, in which its negation is 'the unblessed'.

J( The names that are befitting only to Allah, the Exalted, )like Quddus, Hakam, and Khāliq( should not be used as the name of someone.Some jurists have considered this as prohibited.

D( It is recomm ended that the meat of the sacrifice be divided among the believers and ask them to pray for the baby, but it is better to cook the meat and invite at least ten persons to eat and pray for the newborn.

E( It is recom mended when cutting up the 'aqiqah not to break the bones.Another recom mendation is that one leg and thigh, or rather one fourth of the sacrifice should be given to the midwife.

F( It is disapp roved for the parents and those supported by the father, to eat from the offering, in particular the mother. (1)

G( It is recom mended to recite the special supp lication for the 'aqiqah while it is being slaug htered.The suppl ications narrated from Ahlul Bayt )a.s.( in this regard are abundant. (2)

الفصل الأوّل:حُقوقُ الوَلیدِ

1/1:تَعْظِیمُ المیلادِ

(وَ سَلامٌ عَلَیْهِ یَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَ یَوْمَ یَمُوتُ وَ یَوْمَ یُبْعَثُ حَیًّا). 1

(وَ السَّلامُ عَلَیَّ یَوْمَ وُلِدْتُ وَ یَوْمَ أَمُوتُ وَ یَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَیًّا). 2

119:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: یَا ابنَ الأیّامِ الثَّلاثِ،یَومُکَ الَّذی وُلِدتَ فیهِ،و یَومُکَ الَّذی تَنزِلُ فیهِ قَبرَکَ،ویَومُکَ الَّذی تَخرُجُ فیهِ إِلی رَبِّکَ،فَیَا لَهُ مِن یَومٍ عَظیمٍ. (1)

120:عنه علیه السلام-فی تَهنِئَتِهِ لِرَجُلٍ بِمَولودٍ أَسأَلُ اللهَ أن یَجعَلَهُ خَلَفاً مَعَکَ،وَ خَلَفاً بَعدَکَ،فَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ یُخلِفُ أَباهُ فِی حَیاتِهِ و مَوتِهِ. (2)

121:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: أکبَرُ ما یَکونُ الإِنسانُ یَومَ یولَدُ،و أصغَرُ ما یَکونُ یَومَ یَموتُ. (3)

122:عنه علیه السلام: هَنَّأَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلاً أصابَ ابناً فَقالَ:یُهنِئُکَ الفارِسُ.فَقالَ لَهُ الحَسَنُ علیه السلام:ما عِلمُکَ یَکونُ فارِساً أو راجِلاً؟

قَالَ:جُعِلتُ فِداکَ فَما أَقولُ؟

ص:80

قال:تَقولُ:شَکَرتَ الواهِبَ،و بورِکَ لَکَ فِی المَوهوبِ،و بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ،و رَزَقَکَ بِرَّهُ. (1)

123:الکافی عن علیّ بن الحکم عن بعض أصحابنا: أولَمَ أبُو الحَسَنِ مُوسی علیه السلام وَلیمَةً عَلی بَعضِ وُلدِهِ،فَأَطعَمَ أهلَ المَدینَةِ ثَلاثَةَ أیّامٍ الفالوذَجاتِ (2)فی الجِفانِ فِی المَساجِدِ وَ الأزِقَّةِ. (3)

2/1:غَسْلُ المَوْلودِ

124:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: غَسلُ المَولودِ واجِبٌ. (4)

3/1:الأذانُ وَ الإِقامَةُ فی أُذُنِ الوَلیدِ

125:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن وُلِدَ لَهُ فَأَذَّنَ فی أُذُنِهِ الیُمنی و أَقامَ فی أُذُنِهِ الیُسری،لَم یَضُرَّهُ أُمُّ الصِّبیانِ (5). (6)

126:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن وُلِدَ لَهُ مَولودٌ فَلیُؤَذِّن فی اذُنِهِ الیُمنی بِأَذانِ الصَّلاةِ،وَلیُقِم فِی الیُسری؛

ص:82

He )a.s.( said:Say:you have thanked the Giver ]of this bounty[, and may the given be a blessing for you.May he reach his perfection and may He make you enjoy his kindness. (1)

123:al-Kāfi, narrating from 'Ali ibn al-Hakam, from one of the Shi'ah who said: For the birth of one of his children, Abu al-Hasan Musā ]al-Kāzim[ )a.s.( had a feast, and he fed fāluzaj (2) in large bowls to the people of Medina in mosques and lanes for three days. (3)

فَإِنَّها عِصمَةٌ مِنَ الشَّیطانِ الرَّجیمِ. (1)

127:سنن أبی داود عن أبی رافع: رَأَیتُ رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله أذَّنَ فی اذُنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ عَلِیٍ ّ حِینَ وَلَدَتهُ فاطِمَةُ بِالصَّلاةِ. (2)

128:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: لَمّا حَضَرَت وِلادَةُ فاطِمَةَ علیها السلام،قال رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله لِأسماءَ بِنتِ عُمَیسٍ و امِّ سَلَمَةَ:اِحضَراها،فإِذا وَقَعَ وَلَدُها واستَهَلَّ فَأَذِّنا فی اذُنِهِ الیُمنی وأَقِیما فی اذُنِهِ الیُسری؛فَإِنَّهُ لا یُفعَلُ ذلِکَ بِمِثلِهِ إلّا عُصِمَ مِنَ الشَّیطانِ،و لا تُحدِثا شَیئا حَتّی آتِیَکُما.

فَلَمَّا وَلَدَت فَعَلَتا ذلِکَ،فَأتاهُ النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله فَسَرَّهُ وَ لَبَّأهُ (3)بِریقِهِ،و قالَ:اللّهُمَّ إنِّی اعیذُهُ بِکَ و وُلدَهُ مِنَ الشَّیطانِ الرَّجیمِ. (4)

129:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-فیما یُفعَلُ بِالمَولودِ إذا وُلِدَ-: مُرُوا القابِلَةَ أو بَعضَ مَن یَلیهِ أن تُقیمَ الصَّلاةَ فی اذُنِهِ الیُمنی؛فَلا یُصیبُهُ لَمَمٌ (5)و لا تابِعَةٌ (6)أبَداً. (7)

130:عنه علیه السلام-أیضا-: و أذِّن فی اذُنِهِ الیُمنی و أقِم فِی الیُسری،تَفعَلُ بِهِ ذلِکَ قَبلَ أن تَقطَعَ سُرَّتَهُ؛فَإِنَّهُ لا یَفزَعُ أبَداً،و لا تُصیبُهُ امُّ الصِّبیانِ. (8)

ص:84

left ear, for this will bring security from the cursed Satan. (1)

127:Sunan Abi Dāwud, narrating from Abu Rāfi' who said: When Fātimah )a.s.( gave birth to Hasan ibn 'Ali )a.s.(, I saw the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( reciting the Adhān in his ear. (2)

128:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:When the time came for Fātimah to give birth to her child, the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( said to Asmā' bint 'Umays and Um Salamah:Stay with her so that when her baby is delivered and starts to cry, recite the Adhān in its right ear and the Iqāmah in its left ear, for whomever this is done to will be safeg uarded from Satan, and then do not do anything until I come.

When Fātimah delivered the baby, they did what he )s.a.w.( told them, then the Prophet )s.a.w.( came and cut his umbilical cord and put a little bit of his saliva in the newborn's mouth and said:O Allah! I seek Your protection for him and his offspring from the vice of the cursed Satan. (3)

129:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said,-regarding some of what is done to an infant at the time of his birth-:Tell the midwife or anyone who is with her to recite the Adhān in his right ear so that the child would never become insane or followed by a jinn. (4)

130:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said,-mentioning some of the things to be done to an infant at the time of his birth-:Recite the Adhān in his right ear and the Iqāmah in his left ear.Do this before cutting the umbilical cord, for the child will never be a coward and will not be afflicted by ]the sickness of[ Umm al-Sibyān. (5)

ص:85

4/1:التَّحْنیکُ

131:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: یُحَنَّکُ (1)المَولودُ بِالماءِ السُّخنِ. (2)

132:مسند أبی یعلی عن أبی موسی: وُلِدَ لی غُلامٌ فَأتَیتُ بِهِ رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَسَمَّاهُ إبراهیمَ و حَنَّکَهُ بِتَمرَةٍ،و دَعا لَهُ بالبَرَکَةِ،و دَفَعَهُ إلَیَ ّ. (3)

133:صحیح مسلم عن عائشة: أنّ رسولَ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله کانَ یُؤتی بالصّبیانِ فَیُبَرِّکُ عَلَیهِم و یُحَنِّکُهُم. (4)

134:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: حَنِّکوا أولادَکُم بالتَّمرِ،هکَذا فَعَلَ النَّبِیُّ صلی الله علیه وآله بِالحَسَنِ والحُسَینِ علیهما السلام. (5)

135:الکافی عن یونس عن بعض أصحابه عن أبی جعفر علیه السلام: یُحَنَّکُ المَولودُ بِماءِ الفُراتِ،و یُقامُ فی أُذنِهِ.

وفی رِوایةٍ اخری:حَنِّکُوا أولادَکُم بِماءِ الفُراتِ و بِتُربَةِ قَبرِ الحُسَینِ علیه السلام،فَإن لَم یَکُن فَبِماءِ السَّماءِ. (6)

136:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: حَنِّکوا أولادَکُم بِتُربَةِ الحُسَینِ علیه السلام؛فَإِنَّها أمانٌ. (7)

137:الإمام الرضا علیه السلام-فِی الفِقهِ المَنسوبِ إلَیهِ وحَنِّکهُ بِماءِ الفُراتِ إن قَدَرتَ عَلَیهِ أو

ص:86

بِالعَسَلِ ساعَةَ یولَدُ. (1)

5/1:التَّسْمِیَةُ

أ تَحسینُ الاِسمِ

138:الإمام الکاظم علیه السلام: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَی النَّبِیِ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَقالَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ،ما حَقُّ ابنِی هذا؟

قالَ:تُحْسِنُ اسمَهُ و أدَبَهُ،وَضَعهُ مَوضِعَا حَسَناً. (2)

139:عنه علیه السلام: أَوَّلُ ما یَبَرُّ الرَّجُلُ وَلَدَهُ أَن یُسَمِّیَهُ بِاسمٍ حَسَنٍ،فَلیُحْسِن أَحَدُکُم اسمَ وَلَدِهِ. (3)

ب تَسمِیَةُ الوَلَدِ قَبلَ أَن یولَدَ

140:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: سَمّوا أَولادَکُم قَبلَ أَن یولَدوا،فَإن لَم تَدروا أَذَکَرٌ أَم انثی فَسَمُّوهُم بِالأَسماءِ الَّتی تَکُونُ لِلذَّکَرِ وَ الاُنثی؛فَإِنَّ أَسقاطَکم إذا لَقوکُم یَومَ القِیامَةِ و لَم تُسَمُّوهُم یَقولُ السِّقطُ لِأَبیهِ:ألّا سَمَّیتَنی؟و قَد سَمَّی رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله مُحسِنا قَبلَ أَن یولَدَ ! (4)

ج سُنَّةُ أَهلِ البَیتِ فِی التَّسمِیَةِ

141:سنن الترمذی عن عمرو بن شعیب عن أبیه عن جدّه: أَنَّ النَّبِیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله أَمَرَ بِتَسمِیَةِ المَولودِ یَومَ سابِعِهِ،و وَضعِ الأَذی عَنهُ،وَالعَقِّ. (5)

ص:88

Euphrates if you are able to, otherwise with honey. (1)

د أفضَلُ الأَسماءِ و حَقُّ بَعضِها

142:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله نِعمَ الأَسماءُ:عَبدُ اللهِ و عَبدُ الرَّحمنِ؛الأَسماءُ المُعَبَّدَةُ. (1)

143:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ألا إِنّ خَیرَ الأَسماءِ:عَبدُ اللهِ ِ و عَبدُ الرَّحمنِ و حارِثَةُ و هَمّامٌ. (2)

144:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله «إِذا سَمَّیتُمُ الوَلَدَ مُحَمَّداً فَأَکرِمُوه،و أَوسِعوا لَه فِی المَجلِسِ،و لا تُقَبِّحوا لَهُ وَجها. (3)

145:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إِذا سَمَّیتُم مُحَمَّدا فلا تُقَبِّحوهُ،و لا تَجبَهوهُ، (4)و لا تَضرِبوهُ،بورِکَ لِبَیتٍ فیهِ مُحَمَّدٌ،و مَجلِسٍ فیهِ مُحَمَّدٌ،و رِفقَةٍ فیها مُحَمَّدٌ. (5)

146.عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما مِن بَیتٍ فیهِ اسمُ مُحَمَّدٍ الّا أَوسَعَ اللهُ ُ عَلَیهِمُ الرِّزقَ،فَإِذا سَمَّیتُموهُم فَلا تَضرِبوهُم،و لا تَشتِموهُم. (6)

147:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: تُسَمُّونَ مُحَمَّداً ثُمَّ تَسُبّونَهُ ! (7)

148:الکافی عَنِ السَّکونِی: دَخَلتُ عَلی أَبی عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام وأَنَا مَغمومٌ مَکروبٌ،فَقالَ لی:یا سَکونِیُ مِمّا غَمُّکَ؟

قُلتُ:وُلِدَت لی ابنَةٌ!

ص:90

فَقالَ:یا سَکونِیُ،عَلَی الأَرضِ ثِقلُها،وعَلَی اللهِ رِزقُها،تَعیشُ فی غَیرِ أَجَلِکَ،و تَأکُلُ مِن غَیرِ رِزقِکَ.

فَسُرِّیَ وَ اللهِ عَنِّی.فَقالَ لِی:ما سَمَّیتَها؟

قُلتُ:فاطِمَةَ.

قالَ:آهٍ آهٍ ! ثُمَّ وَضَعَ یَدَهُ عَلی جَبهَتِهِ فَقالَ:قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:«حَقُّ الوَلَدِ عَلی والِدِهِ إِذا کانَ ذَکَرا أَن یَستَفرِهَ (1)أُمَّهُ،و یَستَحسِنَ اسمَهُ،و یُعَلِّمَهُ کِتابَ اللهِ،و یُطَهِّرَهُ،و یُعَلِّمَهُ السِّباحَةَ،و إِذا کَانَت انثی أَن یَستَفرِهَ أُمَّها،و یَستَحسِنَ اسمَها،و یُعَلِّمَها سورَةَ النّورِ،و لا یُعَلِّمها سورَةَ یوسُفَ،و لا یُنزِلَهَا الغُرَفَ (2)،و یُعَجِّلَ سَراحَها إِلی بَیتِ زَوجِها».

أَما إِذا سَمَّیتَها فاطِمَةَ فَلا تَسُبَّها،و لا تَلْعَنها و لا تَضرِبها. (3)

149:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله مَن وُلِدَ لَهُ أَربَعَةُ أَولادٍ لَم یُسَمِّ أَحَدَهُم بِاسمی،فَقَد جَفانی. (4)

150:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: تَسَمَّوا بِأَسماءِ الأَنبِیاءِ. (5)

151:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما مِن أَهلِ بَیتٍ فیهِم اسمُ نَبِیٍ إلّا بَعَثَ اللهُ إِلَیهِم مَلَکا یُقَدِّسُهُم مِن صَلاةِ الغَداةِ إلَی العِشاءِ. (6)

ص:92

He said:O' Sakuni, her weight is on the earth and her sustenance is from Allah.She lives outside the span of your lifetime, and she eats other than your sustenance.

By Allah, he relieved me, and then he said:What did you name her?

I said:Fātimah.

He said:Excellent! Then he put his hand on his forehead and said:The Messenger of Allah said:The rights of the child on the father is that if the child is a male, the father should honor his mother, choose a good name for him, teach him the Book of Allah, purify him and teach him swimming.And if the child is a female, he should honor her mother, choose a good name for her, teach her ]from[ the Chapter of the Light, not teach her ]from[ the Chapter of Joseph (1) , not to place her in an upstairs room (2) , and to hasten in sending her to the house of her husband.

'Be careful! Since you have named her Fātimah, you should not insult her, nor curse her, nor beat her. (3)

149:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:He who is given four boys and does not name one of them Muhammad, has indeed been disloyal to me. (4)

150:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Name ]your children[ with the names of prophets. (5)

151:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Every family in which there is the name of a Divine Prophet, Allah sends an angel to them to sanctify them from the morning prayer until evening prayer. (6)

ص:93

152:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: أَصدَقُ الأَسماءِ ما سُمِّیَ بِالعُبودِیَّةِ (1)،و أَفضَلُها أَسماءُ الأَنبِیاءِ. (2)

153:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: لا یولَدُ لَنا وَلَدٌ إلّا سَمَّیناهُ مُحَمَّدا،فَإِذا مَضی لَنا سَبعَةُ أَیّامٍ فَإِن شِئنا غَیَّرنا،و إِن شِئنا تَرَکنا. (3)

154:عنه علیه السلام: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَی النَّبِیِ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَقالَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،وُلِدَ لی غُلامٌ فَماذا اسَمِّیهِ؟قالَ:سَمِّهِ بِأَحَبِّ الأَسماءِ إلَیَ:حَمزَةَ. (4)

155:الکافی عن عَبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ مُحمَّد العَزرمِیّ: استَعمَلَ مُعاوِیَةُ مَروانَ بنَ الحَکَمِ عَلَی المَدینَةِ،و أمَرَهُ أَن یَفرِضَ لِشَبابِ قُرَیشٍ،فَفَرَضَ لَهُم.

فَقالَ عَلِیُّ بنُ الحُسَینِ علیه السلام:فَأَتَیتُهُ فَقالَ:مَا اسمُکَ؟

فَقُلتُ عَلیُ بنُ الحُسَینِ.

فَقالَ ما اسمُ أَخیکَ؟

فَقُلتُ:عَلِیٌ ّ.

قالَ:عَلِیٌ ّ و عَلِیٌ ّ! ما یُریدُ أَبوکَ أَن یَدَعَ أَحَدا مِن وُلدِهِ إلّا سَمّاهُ عَلِیّاً؟ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لی،فَرَجَعتُ إِلی أَبی فَأَخبَرتُهُ.فَقالَ:وَیلی عَلَی ابنِ الزَّرقاءِ دَبّاغَةِ (5)الأدَمِ،لَو وُلِدَ لی مِئَةٌ لأََحبَبتُ أَن لا اسَمِّیَ أَحَداً مِنهُم إِلّا عَلِیّاً. (6)

ص:94

152:Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( said:The best name is the one which indicates the servitude (1) ]of Allah[, and the best of them are the names of prophets. (2)

153:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Every child born to us we name him Muhammad, and when seven days have passed, we either change the name or keep it. (3)

154:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Someone came to the Prophet )s.a.w.( and said:O Messenger of Allah! A child has been born to me, so what do I name him?He said:Name him by the dearest of names to me:Hamzah. (4)

155:al-Kāfi, narrating from 'Abd al-Rahmān ibn Muhammad 'Azrami who said:Mu'āwiyah appointed Marwān ibn al-Hakam as the governor of Medina and ordered him to assign a salary for the young ones of Quraysh, and he did.

Imām Zayn al-'Abidin ]al-Sajjād[ said:I went to him and he asked:What is your name?I answered:'Ali ibn al-Husain.He asked:What is your brother's name?I answered:'''Ali.

He said:'''Ali and 'Ali! What was your father after by naming all his sons 'Ali?

Then he paid my salary and I returned to my father ]Imām Husain[ and told him what happened.He said:Woe to the son of the blue-eyed (5) woman and ]animal[ skin tanner.If I were given one hundred sons, I would name them nothing but 'Ali. (6)

ص:95

156:تفسیر العیاشی عن ربعی بن عبدالله: قیلَ لِأَبی عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:جُعِلتُ فِداکَ إِنّا نُسَمِّی بِأَسمائِکُم و أَسماءِ آبائِکُم،فَیَنفَعُنا ذلِکَ؟

فَقالَ:إِی وَ اللهِ ِ،و هَلِ الدّینُ إلّا الحُبُّ؟قالَ اللهُ ُ: «إِنْ کُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ اللّهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِی یُحْبِبْکُمُ اللّهُ وَ یَغْفِرْ لَکُمْ ذُنُوبَکُمْ» 1 . (1)

157:الکافی عن ابنِ مَیَّاحٍ،عَن فُلانِ بنِ حَمیدٍ: أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبا عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام وشاوَرَهُ فِی اسمِ وَلَدِهِ،فَقالَ:سَمِّهِ بِأَسماءٍ مِنَ العُبُودِیَّةِ.فَقالَ:أَیُ ّ الأَسماءِ هُوَ؟فَقالَ:عَبدُ الرَّحمنِ. (2)

158:الإمام الکاظم علیه السلام: لا یَدخُلُ الفَقرُ بَیتا فیهِ اسمُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَو أَحمَدَ أَو عَلِیٍ أَوِ الحَسَنِ أَوِ الحُسَینِ أَو جَعفَرٍ أَو طالِبٍ أَو عَبدِ اللهِ،أَو فاطِمَةَ مِنَ النِّساءِ. (3)

159:الإمام العسکری علیه السلام-لِجَعفَرِ بنِ الشَّریفِ الجُرجانِیِ ّ-: شَکَرَ اللهُ لِأَبی إِسحاقَ إِبراهیمَ بنِ إسماعیلَ صَنیعَتَهُ إِلی شیعَتِنا،و غَفَرَ لَهُ ذُنوبَهُ،و رَزَقَهُ ذَکَراً سَوِیّاً قائِلاً بِالحَقِّ،فَقُل لَهُ:یَقولُ لَکَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عَلیٍ ّ:سَمِّ ابنَکَ أَحمَدَ. (4)

160:کَشفُ الغمّة عن جعفر بن محمد القلانِسی: کَتَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَخی إِلی أَبی مُحَمَّدٍ علیه السلام وَ امرَأَتُهُ حامِلٌ مُقرِبٌ أَن یَدعُوَ اللهَ َ أَن یُخَلِّصَها و یَرزُقَهُ ذَکَراً،و یُسَمِّیَهُ.فَکَتَبَ یَدعُو اللهَ َ بِالصَّلاحِ وَ یَقولُ:رَزَقَکَ اللهُ ُ ذَکَراً سَوِیّاً،و نِعمَ الاِسمُ مُحَمَّدٌ و عَبدُ الرَّحمنِ.فَوَلَدَت اثنَین...فَسَمَّی واحِداً مُحَمَّداً،وَ الآخَرَ...عَبدَ الرَّحمنِ. (5)

ص:96

156:Tafsir al-'Ayyāshi, narrating from Rib'i ibn 'Abdullah who said: Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( was asked:May I be your ransom! We name ]our offspring[ by your names and the names of your fathers, does this benefit us?

He said:By Allah, yes it does, and is religion anything but love?Allah has said:' If you love Allah, then follow me, Allah will love you and forgive your sins... (1) (2)

157:al-Kāfi, narrating from Ibn Mayyāh from Fulān ibn Hamid who said that he asked and sought advice from Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( about the name of his son.The Imām said: Name him by a name that indicates servitude.

He said:What are those names?

He )a.s.( said:]Names[ like 'Abd al-Rahmān. (3)

158:Imām al-Kāzim )a.s.( said:Poverty will not enter the house that has someone from the men with the name of Muhammad, Ahmad, 'Ali, Hasan, Husain, Ja'far, Tālib, or 'Abdullah, or from among the women with the name Fātimah. (4)

159:Imām Hasan al-'Askari )a.s.( said to Ja'far ibn Sharif al-Jurjāni: May Allah thank and reward Abu Ishāq Ibrāhim ibn Ismā'il for his service to our followers, and may He forgive his sins and bless him with a good son who believes in the truth.Tell him that al-Hasan ibn 'Ali says:Name your son Ahmad. (5)

160:Kashf al-Ghummah, narrating from Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Qalānisi, who said: My brother Muhammad wrote to Abu Muhammad ]al-'Askari[ )a.s.( while his wife was pregnant and close to delivering and asked him )a.s.( to pray to Allah to relieve her ]from pain[ and to bless him with a son and to choose a name for the newborn.The Imām wrote back in answer to him, praying to Allah for his well being and said:May Allah bestow upon you a healthy son and Muhammad and 'Abd al-Rahmān are good names.

Then his wife gave birth to twins and he named one of them Muhammad and the other 'Abd al-Rahmān. (6)

ص:97

ه الأسماءُ المَذمومَةُ

161:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تُسَمّوا أَولادَکُم الحَکَمَ،و لا أَبَا الحَکَمِ؛فَإِنَّ اللهَ َ هُوَ الحَکَمُ. (1)

162:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تُسَمِّیَنَّ غُلامَکَ یَساراً،و لا رَباحاً،و لا نَجیحاً،و لا أفلَحَ. (2)

163:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: شَرُّ الأَسماءِ:ضِرارٌ،و مُرَّةُ،و حَربٌ،و ظالِمٌ. (3)

164:مجمع الزوائد عن عبد الرحمن بن أبی سبرة: دَخَلتُ أنَا وَ أَبی عَلی رَسولِ الله صلی الله علیه وآله فَقالَ لِأَبی:هذا ابنُکَ؟قُلتُ:نَعَم.قالَ:مَا اسمُهُ؟قالَ:الحُبابُ.

قالَ:لا تُسَمِّهِ الحُبابَ؛فَإِنَّ الحُبابَ شَیطانٌ،وَ لکِن هُوَ عَبدُ الرَّحمنِ. (4)

165:المعجم الکبیر عن ابن بریدة عن أبیه: نَهی رَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله أَن یُسَمَّی کَلبٌ أَو کُلَیبٌ. (5)

و سَبَبُ النَّهیِ عَن بَعضِ الأَسماءِ

166:سنن أبی داوود: عن مُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَمرو بنِ عَطاءٍ:أنَّ زَینَبَ بِنتَ أبی سَلمَةَ سَأَلَتهُ:ما سَمَّیتَ أبنَتَکَ؟قالَ سَمَّیتُها بَرَّةً. (6)

قالَت:إِنَّ رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله قَد نَهی عَن هذَا الاِسمِ،سُمِّیتُ بَرَّةً،فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:لا تُزَکُّوا أَنفُسَکُم،اللهُ أَعلَمُ بِأَهلِ البِرِّ مِنکُم.فَقالوا:ما نُسَمِّیها؟قالَ:سَمُّوها زَینَبَ. (7)

ص:98

6/1:حَلْقُ الرَّأسِ

167:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-و سُئِلَ عَن عِلَّةِ حَلقِ رَأسِ المَولودِ فَقالَ-: تَطهیرُهُ مِن شَعرِ الرَّحِمِ. (1)

168:الکافی عن علیّ بن جعفر عن الإمام الکاظم علیه السلام،قالَ: سَأَلتُهُ عَن مَولودٍ یُحلَقُ رَأسُهُ بَعدَ یَومِ السّابِعِ؟فَقالَ:إِذا مَضی سَبعَةُ أَیامٍ فَلَیسَ عَلَیهِ حَلقٌ. (2)

7/1:العَقیقَةُ

169:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: کُلُّ غُلامٍ رَهینَةٌ بِعَقیقَتِهِ،یُذبَحُ عَنهُ یَومَ سابِعِهِ. (3)

170:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام إِذا کانَ یَومُ السّابِعِ وقَد وُلِدَ لأَِحَدِکُم غُلامٌ أو جارِیَةٌ فَلیَعُقَّ عَنهُ کَبشاً؛عَنِ الذَّکَرِ ذَکَراً،و عَنِ الاُنثی مِثلَ ذلِکَ،عُقّوا عَنهُ و أطعِمُوا القابِلَةَ مِنَ العَقیقَةِ،و سَمّوهُ یَومَ السّابِعِ. (4)

171:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: المَولودُ إِذا وُلِدَ عُقَّ عَنهُ و حُلِقَ رَأسُهُ،و تُصُدِّقَ بِوَزنِ شَعرِهِ وَرِقا، (5)و اهدِیَ إِلَی القابِلَةِ الرِّجلُ و الوَرِکُ، (6)و یُدعَی نَفَرٌ مِنَ المُسلِمینَ فَیَأکُلونَ و یَدعون لِلغُلامِ،و یُسَمّی یَومَ السّابِعِ. (7)

ص:100

172:عنه علیه السلام: کُلُّ مَولودٍ مُرتَهَنٌ بِالعَقیقَةِ. (1)

173:عنه علیه السلام: العَقیقَةُ یَومَ السابِعِ،و تُعطَی (2)القابِلَةُ الرِّجلَ مَعَ الوَرِکِ،ولا یُکسَرُ العَظمُ. (3)

174:عنه علیه السلام: تَقولُ عَلَی العَقِیقَةِ إذا عَقَقتَ:«بِسمِ اللهِ و بِاللهِ،اللّهُمَّ عَقیقَةٌ عَن فُلانٍ،لَحمُها بِلَحمِهِ،و دَمُها بِدَمِهِ،و عَظمُها بِعَظمِهِ،اللّهُمَّ اجعَلهُ وِقاءً لآِلِ مُحمّدٍ صَلَّی اللهُ عَلیهِ و عَلَیهِم». (4)

175:الکافی عن عمّار بن موسی عن الإمام الصادق علیه السلام،قال: سَأَلتُهُ عَنِ العَقیقَةِ عَنِ المَولودِ کَیفَ هِیَ؟

قالَ:...یُعطَی القابِلَةَ رُبعُها،وإن لَم تَکُن قابِلَةٌ فَلاُِمِّهِ تُعطیها مَن شاءَت،وتُطعِمُ مِنهُ عَشَرَةً مِنَ المُسلِمینَ،فَإِن زادوا فَهُوَ أفضَلُ. (5)

176:الکافی عَن أبی الصّباح الکنانی: سَأَلتُ أَبا عَبدِ الله علیه السلام عَنِ الصَّبِیِ المَولُودِ،مَتی یُذبَحُ عَنهُ،و یُحلَقُ رَأسُهُ،و یُتَصَدَّقُ بِوَزنِ شَعرِهِ،وَیُسَمّی؟

قالَ:کُلُّ ذلِکَ فِی الیَومِ السّابِعِ. (6)

ص:102

172:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Every newborn child )his well-being( is dependent o n an offering. (1)

173:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:The offering of sacrifice is done on the seventh day, and the foot of the sheep and its leg should be given to the midwife, and its bones should not be broken. (2)

174:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:When performing the offering, say over it:In the name of Allah, and by Allah, O Allah! This is an offering )'aqiqah( from so and so, its flesh is for his flesh, its blood is for his blood and its bone is for his bone.O Allah! Make it as a protection for the progeny of Muhammad, praise of Allah be upon him and them. (3)

175:al-Kāfi, narrating from 'Ammār ibn Musā: I asked Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( about the offering for a child )'aqiqah( and how it should be.The Imām )a.s.( answered:one fourth of it is given to the midwife.If there was no midwife, it's given to its mother to give it to anyone she desires.The mother should feed from it ten Muslims and the more the better. (4)

176:al-Kāfi, narrating from Abu al-Sabbāh al-Kanāni who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( about a newborn child when an offering should be done for him, when his head should be shaved, when the alms equal to the weight of his hair should be given and when a name should be chosen for him

He )a.s.( answered:They should all be done on the seventh day. (5)

ص:103

177:الکافی عن جمیل بن درّاج: سَأَلتُ أَبا عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام عَن العَقیقَةِ وَ الحَلقِ وَ التَّسمِیَةِ بِأَیِّها یُبدَأُ؟قالَ:یُصنَعُ ذلِکَ کُلُّه فی ساعَةٍ واحِدَةٍ،یُحلَقُ و یُذبَحُ و یُسَمّی،ثُمَّ ذَکَرَ ما صَنَعَت فاطِمَةُ علیها السلام لِوُلدِها.ثُمَّ قالَ:یوزَنُ الشَّعرُ،و یُتَصَدَّقُ بِوَزنِهِ فِضَّةً. (1)

178:الکافی عن إسحاق بن عمّار عن الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-فِی العَقِّ عَنِ المَولود و حَلِقِهِ وَ التَّصَدُّقِ عَنهُ-قالَ: قُلتُ لَهُ:بِأَیِ ّ ذلِکَ نَبدَأُ؟قالَ:تَحلِقُ رَأسَهُ،وتَعِقُّ عَنهُ،و تَصَّدَّقُ بِوَزنِ شَعرِهِ فِضَّةً،و یَکونُ ذلِکَ فی مَکانٍ واحِدٍ. (2)

8/1:الخِتانُ

179:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: طَهِّروا أَولادَکُم یَومَ السّابِعِ؛فَإِنَّهُ أَطیَبُ و أَطهَرُ و أَسرَعُ لِنَباتِ اللَّحمِ،و إِنَّ الأَرضَ تَنجُسُ مِن بَولِ الأَغلَفِ أَربَعینَ صَباحا (3). (4)

180:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: اختِنوا أَولادَکُم لِسَبعَةِ أَیّامٍ؛فَإِنَّه أَطهَرُ و أَسرعُ لِنَباتِ اللَّحمِ،وإِنَّ الأَرضَ لَتَکرَهُ بَولَ الأَغلَفِ. (5)

181:عنه علیه السلام: خِتانُ الغُلامِ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ،و خفضُ الجَوارِی لَیسَ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ. (6)

ص:104

177:al-Kāfi, narrating from Jamil ibn Darrāj who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( about the sacrifice )'aqiqah(, the offering, shaving the head, or naming the child which one should be done first?

He )a.s.( answered:All of these are done at the same time, the shaving, the offering, and the naming.

Then he mentioned what Fātimah )a.s.( had done for her child.After that he said:The hair must be weighed and silver equal to its weight is to be given as alms. (1)

178:al-Kāfi, narrating from Ishāq ibn 'Ammār: I asked Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( about the offering for the child, shaving his head, or alms-giving, and that which of them we should start with

He answered:Shave his head, offer the sacrifice for him, and then give silver equal to the weight of his hair as alms, and all of these are done in one place. (2)

182:کتاب من لا یحضره الفقیه عن مرازم بن حکیم الازدیّ عن الإمام الصادق علیه السلام-فِی الصَّبِیِّ إِذا خُتِنَ،قالَ-: یَقولُ:

اللّهُمَّ هذِهِ سُنَّتُکَ،و سُنَّةُ نَبِیِّکَ صَلواتُکَ عَلَیهِ و آلِهِ،وَ اتِّباعٌ مِنَّا لَکَ و لِنَبِیِّکَ،بِمَشِیَّتِکَ و بِإِرادَتِکَ و قَضائِکَ؛لأَِمرٍ أنتَ أرَدتَهُ،و قَضاءٍ حَتَمتَهُ،و أمرٍ أنفَذتَهُ،فَأَذَقتُهُ حَرَّ الحَدیدِ فی خِتانِهِ و حِجامَتِهِ لِأمرٍ أنتَ أعرَفُ بِهِ مِنِّی،اللّهُمَّ فَطَهِّرهُ مِنَ الذُّنوبِ،و زِد فی عُمُرِهِ،وَ ادفَعِ الآفاتِ عَن بَدَنِهِ،وَ الأَوجاعَ عَن جِسمِهِ،و زِدهُ مِنَ الغِنی،وَ ادفَع عَنهُ الفَقرَ،فَإِنَّکَ تَعلَمُ و لا نَعلَمُ.

و قالَ أبو عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:أیُّ رَجُلٍ لَم یَقُلها عِندَ خِتانِ وَلَدِهِ فَلیَقُلها عَلَیهِ مِن قَبلِ أَن یَحتَلِمَ،فَإِن قالَها کُفِیَ حَرَّ الحَدیدِ مِن قَتلٍ أو غَیرِهِ. (1)

183:الکافی عن علیّ بن یقطین: سَأَلتُ أبَا الحَسَنِ علیه السلام عَن خِتانِ الصَّبِیِّ لِسَبعَةِ أیّامٍ؛مِنَ السُّنَّةِ هُوَ أو یُؤَخَّرُ؟وأَیُّهُما أفضَلُ؟

قالَ:لِسَبعَةِ أیّامٍ مِنَ السُّنَّةِ،وإِن أُخِّرَ فَلا بَأسَ. (2)

ص:106

182:Kitāb Man lā Yahdurhu al-Faqih, narrating from Marāzim ibn Hakim al-Azdi narrating from Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( who said concerning a boy who is being circum cised:He ]the father[ should say: O Allah! This is Your way and the way of Your Prophet, may Your praises be upon him and his progeny, and it is our obedience to You and Your Prophet, by Your wish, Your will and Your decree for an order that You have commanded, a decree You have made certain, and a command You have affirmed.So, I made him taste the hotness ]pain[ of iron in his circ umcision and shedding of blood for a reason You know more than I.O Allah! Purify him from sins, prolong his lifespan, keep away sicknesses and pains from his body, add to his wealth and repel poverty from him, for surely You know and we do not know.

Then Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( said:Any man who does not recite this at the time of his son's circumci sion should recite it before he reaches puberty, and if he recites it, he will be safegua rded from being killed or harmed by the iron. (1)

183:al-Kāfi, narrating from 'Ali ibn Yaqtin who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan ]al-Kāzim[ )a.s.( about the circumc ising of a boy on the seventh day ]of his birth[, and if it is a Sunnah or can it be postponed?, and which one is better?

He )a.s.( said:It is of the Sunnah on the seventh day, and it does not matter if it is delayed. (2)

ص:107

surpris ingly heard him say:Did you not hear the cry of the baby?

It was realized that the reason for shortening of the prayers was the cry of a restless infant who was beside the people and the prophet )a.s( shortened the prayers so that they could pacify the baby.

It frequently happened that people brought a baby to the Prophet )s.a.w.( in order that he would recite an invocation for him.The Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( took the baby in his bosom and, when he was busy reciting invocation, the infant polluted the Prophet's clothes.People wanted to separate the baby from him so that his clothes might not be more polluted, but he )s.a.w.( did not let them do so.

By these kinds of wise treatments, besides appeasing the child's family, the Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( would not allow the feelings of the child to be hurt, as he knew that ignoring the child's sentiments would have some unpleasant sequels in his future life.

ص:109

فصل الثانی:حقوق الرّضیع

1/2:الرَّضاعُ مِنَ الاُمِّ إن أمْکَن

أ فَضلُ إرضاعِ الوَلَدِ

184:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا حَمَلَتِ المَرأَةُ کانَت بِمَنزِلَةِ الصّائِمِ القائِم،المُجاهِدِ بِنَفسِهِ و مالِهِ فی سَبِیلِ اللهِ ِ،فَإِذا وَضَعَت کانَ لَها مِنَ الأَجرِ ما لا تَدری ما هُوَ لِعِظَمِهِ،فَإذا أرضَعَت کانَ لَها بِکُلِّ مَصَّةٍ کَعِدلِ عِتقِ مُحَرَّرٍ مِن وُلدِ إسماعیلَ،فَإِذا فَرَغَت مِن رَضاعِهِ ضَرَبَ مَلَکٌ عَلی جَنبِها،و قالَ:اِستَأنِفِی العَمَلَ؛فَقَد غُفِرَ لَکِ. (1)

185:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: حامِلاتٌ والِداتٌ مُرضِعاتٌ رَحیماتٌ،لو لا ما یَأتینَ إلی بُعولَتِهِنَّ ما دَخَلَت مُصَلِّیَةٌ مِنهُنَّ النّارَ. (2)

ب بَرَکَةُ لَبَنِ الأُمِّ

186:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: لَیسَ لِلصَّبِیِ ّ لَبَنٌ خَیرٌ مِن لَبَنِ امِّهِ. (3)

187:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: ما مِن لَبَنٍ یُرضَعُ بِهِ الصَّبِیُ ّ أَعظَمُ بَرَکَةً عَلَیهِ مِن لَبَنِ امِّهِ. (4)

ص:110

ج مُدَّةُ الإِرضاعِ

(وَ الْوالِداتُ یُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلادَهُنَّ حَوْلَیْنِ کامِلَیْنِ لِمَنْ أَرادَ أَنْ یُتِمَّ الرَّضاعَةَ ). 1

(وَ وَصَّیْنَا الْإِنْسانَ بِوالِدَیْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلی وَهْنٍ وَ فِصالُهُ فِی عامَیْنِ أَنِ اشْکُرْ لِی وَ لِوالِدَیْکَ إِلَیَّ الْمَصِیرُ...). 2

188:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: الرَّضاعُ واحِدٌ و عِشرونَ شَهراً،فَما نَقَصَ فَهُوَ جَورٌ عَلَی الصَّبِیِ. (1)

2/2:اِستِرضاعُ المُرْضِعَةِ الصّالِحَةِ

189:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: تَخَیَّروا لِلرَّضاعِ کَما تَتَخَیَّرونَ لِلنِّکاحِ؛فَإِنَّ الرَّضاعَ یُغَیِّرُ الطِّباعَ. (2)

190:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: انظُروا مَن تُرضِعُ أَولادَکُم؛فَإِنَّ الوَلَدَ یَشِبُّ عَلَیهِ. (3)

191:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: استَرضِع لِوَلَدِکَ بِلَبَنِ الحِسانِ،وإیَّاکَ وَ القِباحَ؛فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ قَد یُعدی. (4)

ص:112

192:عنه علیه السلام: عَلَیکُم بِالوِضاءِ (1)مِن الظُّؤورَةِ (2)؛فإنَّ اللَّبَنَ یُعدِی. (3)

3/2:مَنْ لا یَنبَغِی اسْتِرْضاعُهُ

193:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: تَوَقَّوا عَلی أولادِکُم لَبَنَ البَغِیِ (4)مِنَ النِّساءِ والمَجنونَةِ؛فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ یُعدِی. (5)

194:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تَستَرضِعُوا الحَمقاءَ ولاَ العَمشاءَ (6)؛فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ یُعدِی. (7)

195:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تَستَرضِعُوا الحَمقاءَ؛فَإِنَّ اللَّبَنَ یُعدی،وإنَّ الغُلامَ یَنزَعُ (8)إلَی اللَّبَنِ؛یَعنی إلَی الظِّئرِ فِی الرُّعونَةِ (9)وَالحُمق. (10)

ص:114

192:Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( said:Choose clean and affection ate wet-nurses, for milk transmits ]the charact eristics of the wet-nurse to the child[. (1)

196:الکافی عن عبید الله الحلبی: قُلتُ لِأبی عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:امرَأَةٌ وُلِدَت مِنَ الزِّنا،أتَّخِذُها ظِئرا؟

قالَ:لا تَستَرضِعها،ولاَ ابنَتَها. (1)

4/2:إطْعامُ الْأغذِیَةِ النّافِعَةِ

197:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: أَطعِموا صِبیانَکُم الرُّمّانَ؛فَإنَّهُ أسرَعُ لِألسِنَتِهِم. (2)

198:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام أَطعِموا صِبیانَکُم الرُّمّانَ؛فَإنَّهُ أسرَعُ لِشَبابِهِم. (3)

199:المحاسن عن خضر: کُنتُ عِندَ أبی عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام،فَأتاهُ رَجُلٌ مِن أصحابِنا فَقالَ لَهُ:یولَدُ لَنَا المَولودُ فَیَکونُ مِنهُ القِلَّةُ (4)وَالضَّعفُ،فَقالَ:ما یَمنَعُکَ مِنَ السَّویقِ (5)فَإِنَّهُ یَشُدُّ العَظمَ،ویُنبِتُ اللَّحمَ؟ (6)

ص:116

196:al-Kāfi:From 'Ubaydullah al-Halabi who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.(:Can I get a woman who is born from an adulterine person to breastfeed.He answered:No.Ask neither her nor her daughter to breastfeed. (1)

5/2:اِحْتِرامُ شُعورِ الرَّضیعِ

200:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: صَلَّی رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله الظُّهرَ وَالعَصرَ فَخَفَّفَ الصَّلاةَ فِی الرَّکعَتَینِ،فَلَمَّا انصَرَفَ قالَ لَهُ النّاسُ:یا رسولَ اللهِ أحَدَثَ فِی الصَّلاةِ شَیءٌ؟قالَ:وما ذاکَ؟قالوا:خَفَّفتَ فِی الرَّکعَتَینِ الأَخیرَتَینِ! فَقالَ لَهُم:أمَا سَمِعتُم صُراخَ الصَّبِیِ؟!. (1)

201:مکارم الأخلاق: کانَ صلی الله علیه وآله یُؤتی بِالصَّبِیِ ّ الصَّغیرِ لِیَدعُوَ لَهُ بِالبَرَکَةِ أو یُسَمِّیَهُ،فَیَأخُذُهُ فَیَضَعُهُ فی حِجرِهِ؛تَکرِمَةً لِأَهلِهِ،فَرُبَّما بالَ الصَّبِیُ ّ عَلَیهِ،فَیَصیحُ بَعضُ مَن رَآهُ حینَ بالَ،فَیقولُ صلی الله علیه وآله:لا تُزرِموا بالصَّبِیِ ّ،فَیَدَعُهُ حَتَّی یَقضِیَ بَولَهُ،ثُمَّ یُفرِغُ لَهُ مِن دُعائِهِ أو تَسمِیَتِهِ،ویَبلُغُ سُرورُ أهلِهِ فیهِ،ولا یَرَونَ أَنَّهُ یَتَأذَّی بِبَولِ صَبِیِّهِم،فَإِذا انصَرَفوا غَسَلَ ثَوبَهُ بَعدُ. (2)

202:مسند ابن حنبل عن عائشة: کانَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله یُؤتی بِالصِّبیانِ فَیَدعُو لَهُم،وإنَّهُ أُتِیَ بِصَبِیٍ ّ فَبالَ عَلَیهِ،فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:صُبُّوا عَلَیهِ الماءَ صَبّاً. (3)

ص:118

الفصل الثالث:التعلیم والتربیة

1/3:قِیمَةُ طَلَبِ العِلمِ فِی الصِّغَرِ

203:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَثَلُ الَّذی یَتَعلَّمُ فی صِغَرِهِ کَالنَّقشِ فِی الحَجَرِ،ومَثَلُ الَّذی یَتَعلَّمُ فی کِبَرِهِ کَالَّذی یَکتُبُ عَلَی الماءِ. (1)

204:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: مُروا أولادَکُم بِطَلَبِ العِلمِ. (2)

205:عنه علیه السلام: مَن سَألَ فی صِغَرِهِ أجابَ فی کِبَرِهِ. (3)

206:عنه علیه السلام: مَن لَم یَتَعَلَّم فِی الصِّغَرِ لَم یَتَقَدَّم فِی الکِبَرِ. (4)

207:سنن الدارمی عن شرحبیل بن سعد: دَعَا الحَسَنُ علیه السلام بَنیهِ و بَنی أخیهِ فَقالَ:یا بَنِیَ و بَنِی أخی،إنَّکُم صِغارُ قَومٍ یوشَکُ أن تَکونوا کِبارَ آخَرینَ،فَتَعَلَّمُوا العِلمَ،فَمَن لَم یَستَطِع مِنکُم أن یَروِیَهُ أو قالَ:یَحفَظَهُ فَلیَکتُبهُ،و لیَضَعهُ فی بَیتِهِ. (5)

ص:120

208:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام:

حَرِّض بَنیکَ عَلَی الآدابِ فی الصِّغَرِ کَی ما تَقَرَّ بِهِم عَیناکَ فِی الکِبَرِ

و إنَّما مَثَلُ الآدابِ تَجمَعُها فی عُنفُوانِ الصِّبا کالنَّقشِ فِی الحَجَرِ

هِیَ الکُنوزُ الّتی تَنمو ذَخائِرُها ولا یُخافُ عَلَیها حادِثُ الغِیَرِ (1)

2/3:قیمَةُ التَّربِیَةِ

209:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: حَقُّ الوَلَدِ عَلی والدِهِ أن یُحسِنَ اسمَهُ،وَ یُحسِنَ مِن مُرضِعِهِ،و یُحسِنَ أدَبَهُ. (2)

210:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما وَرَّثَ والِدٌ وَلَداً خیراً مِن أدَبٍ حَسَنٍ. (3)

211:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله ما نَحَلَ والِدٌ وَلَدا مِن نُحلٍ (4)أفضَلَ مِن أدَبٍ حَسَنٍ. (5)

212:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: أکرِموا أولادَکُم،وأحسِنوا أدَبَهُم؛یُغفَر لَکُم. (6)

213:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مِن حَقِّ الوَلَدِ عَلی والِدِهِ أن یُحسِنَ أدَبَهُ،و ألّا یَجحَدَ نَسَبَهُ. (7)

ص:122

208:Imām 'Ali a.s.(said

Encourage your sons in their childhood to learn etiquette; so that in their grown up age they can be the joy of your eyes.

Indeed the parable of the etiquettes you assemble in yourearly childhood is like engraving something on the stone.

These are some treasures the reserves of which grow; and there is no fear on them from instr uctive events. (1)

214:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إنَّ خَیرَ ما وَرَّثَ الآباءُ لِأَبنائِهِم الأَدَبُ لاَ المالُ؛فَإِنَّ المالَ یَذهبُ،و الأَدَبَ یَبقی. (1)

215:عنه علیه السلام: لا یَزالُ العَبدُ المُؤمِنُ یُوَرِّثُ أهلَ بَیتِهِ العِلمَ وَ الأَدَبَ الصّالِحَ،حَتّی یُدخِلَهُمُ الجَنَّةَ جَمیعاً،حتّی لا یَفقِدَ مِنهُم صَغیراً و لا کَبیراً و لا خادِماً و لا جاراً،و لا یَزالُ العَبدُ العاصِی یُوَرِّثُ أهلَ بَیتِهِ الأدَبَ السَّیِّئَ حَتّی یُدخِلَهُمُ النّارَ جَمیعاً،حَتّی لا یَفقِدَ فیها مِن اهلِ بَیتِهِ صَغیراً و لا کَبیراً و لا خادِماً و لا جاراً. (2)

216:عنه علیه السلام: قالَ لُقمانُ:یا بُنَیَ ّ إن تَأدَّبتَ صَغیرا انتَفَعتَ بِهِ کَبیرا،و مَن عَنا بِالأَدَبِ اهتَمَّ بِهِ،و مَنِ اهتَمَّ بِهِ تَکَلَّفَ عِلمَهُ،و مَن تَکَلَّفَ عِلمَهُ اشتَدَّ لَهُ طَلَبُهُ،ومَنِ اشتَدَّ لَهُ طَلَبُهُ أدرَکَ بِهِ مَنفَعَةً (3). (4)

3/3:مَسْؤولِیَّةُ التَّعلیمِ و التَّربِیَةِ

217:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: ألا کُلُّکُم راعٍ و کُلُّکُم مَسؤولٌ عَن رَعِیَّتِه؛فَالأَمیرُ الَّذی عَلَی النّاسِ راعٍ و هُوَ مَسؤولٌ عَن رَعِیَّتِهِ،وَالرَّجُلُ راعٍ عَلی أَهلِ بَیتِهِ و هُوَ مَسؤولٌ عَنهُم،وَ المرأةُ راعِیةٌ عَلی بَیتِ بَعلِها و وُلدِهِ و هِیَ مَسؤولَةٌ عَنهُم،وَ العَبدُ راعٍ عَلی مالِ سَیِّدِهِ و هُو مَسؤولٌ عَنهُ،ألا فَکُلُّکُم راعٍ و کُلُّکُم مَسؤولٌ عَن رَعِیَّتِهِ. (5)

ص:124

214:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:The best thing that fathers could leave for their children as inheri tance is manners, not wealth, for wealth perishes but manners remain. (1)

215:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:A believing servant ]of Allah[ will continue to bequeath knowledge and righteous manners as inher itance for his family in order to help them all enter Heaven so that it ]Heaven[ will not be empty of them, whether young, old, a servant or a neighbour.A disobe dient servant ]of Allah[ will continue to bequeath bad manners for his family which causes them all to enter Hell so that it will not be empty of them, whether young, old , servant or a neighbour. (2)

216:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.(:Luqmān said: O my child! If you are discip lined during your childhood, you will enjoy it when you grow old.He who cares about manners attaches importance to it, and he who attaches importance to it will strive to learn it, and he who strives to learn it will seek for it intensely, and he whose seeking is intense will gain its advantages. (3)

218:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: عَلَی الإمامِ أَن یعلِّمَ أهلَ وِلایَتِهِ حُدودَ الإسلامِ وَالإیمانِ. (1)

219:عنه علیه السلام: أیُّهَا النّاسُ! إنَّ لی عَلَیکُم حَقّاً،و لَکُم عَلَیَّ حَقٌّ؛فَأَمّا حَقُّکُم عَلَیَّ فَالنَّصیحَةُ لَکُم،و تَوفِیرُ فَیئِکُم عَلَیکُم،و تعلیمُکُم کَی لا تَجهَلوا،و تأدیبُکُم کَیما تَعلَمُوا. (2)

220:الإمام زین العابدین علیه السلام-فی بیان الحقوق-: و أمّا حَقُّ وَلَدِکَ فَأن تَعلَمَ أنَّهُ مِنکَ،و مُضافٌ إلَیکَ فی عاجِلِ الدُّنیا بِخَیرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ،وأَنَّکَ مَسؤولٌ عَمّا وَلیتَهُ مِن حُسنِ الأَدَبِ وَالدِّلالَةِ عَلی رَبِّهِ عزّ وجلّ،وَالمَعونَةِ عَلی طاعَتِهِ،فَاعمَل فی أمرِهِ عَمَلَ مَن یَعلَمُ أنَّهُ مُثابٌ عَلَی الإِحسانِ إلَیهِ،مُعاقَبٌ عَلَی الإِساءَةِ إلَیهِ. (3)

221:عنه علیه السلام: وأمّا حَقُّ وَلَدِکَ فَتَعلَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنکَ،ومُضافٌ إِلَیکَ فی عاجِلِ الدُّنیا بِخَیرِهِ وشَرِّهِ،وأَنَّکَ مَسؤولٌ عَمّا وَلِیتَهُ مِن حُسنِ الأَدَبِ وَالدِّلالَةِ عَلی رَبِّهِ،وَالمَعونَةِ لَهُ عَلی طاعَتِهِ فیکَ وفی نَفسِهِ،فَمُثابٌ عَلی ذلِکَ ومُعاقَبٌ،فَاعمَلْ فِی أمرِهِ عَمَلَ المُتَزَیِّنِ بِحُسنِ أثَرِهِ عَلَیهِ فی عاجِلِ الدُّنیا،المُعذِرِ إلی رَبِّهِ فیما بَینَکَ وبَینَهُ بِحُسنِ القِیامِ عَلَیهِ وَالأَخذِ لَهُ مِنهُ،ولا قُوَّةَ إلّا بِاللهِ. (4)

4/3:أهَمُّ ما یَجِبُ تَعلیمُه

أ العَقائِدُ الإِسلامِیَّةُ ولا سِیَّما التَّوحیدُ

222:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن رَبَّی صَغیرا حَتَّی یَقولَ:«لا إلهَ إلّا اللهُ ُ»لَم یُحاسِبهُ اللهُ عزّ وجلّ ُ. (5)

ص:126

218:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:It is the duty of the leader to teach the boundaries of Islam and faith to the people under his command. (1)

219:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:O people! I have rights over you and you have rights over me.Your right over me is that I give you advice, supply you your dues, teach you so that you may not remain ignorant, and that I discipline you so that you may know. (2)

220:Imām al-Sajjād )a.s.( said,-describing the rights-:The right of your child is that you know that he belongs to you and he is related to you in this world with his good and his evil.You are respons ible for teaching him good manners, leading him towards his Lord and assisting him in obeying Him.Therefore, in regard to his affairs you must act like one who knows that he will be rewarded for being benevolent to him and will be punished for committing wrong to him. (3)

221:Imām al-Sajjād )a.s.( said:The right of your child is that you know that he belongs to you and he is related to you in this world with his good and his evil.You are respon sible for teaching him good manners, leading him towards his Lord and assisting him in obeying Him in your rights and his own.

Hence, there will be reward and punishment.Therefore, in regard to his affairs you must act like one who beautifies )helps( himself by having good impact on him )the child( in this world and has accomp lished near his Loard his resp onsibil ities between him and his child, that is by looking properly after him and gaining results for him, and there is no power but in Allah. (4)

223:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا أفصَحَ أولادُکُم فَعَلِّموهُم«لا إلهَ إلّا اللهُ ُ»،ثُمَّ لا تُبالوا مَتی ماتوا،وَإذا اثَّغَروا (1)فَمُروهُم بِالصَّلاةِ. (2)

224:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: افتَحوا عَلی صِبیانِکُم أوَّلَ کَلِمَةٍ ب«لا إلهَ إلّا اللهُ ُ»،ولَقِّنوهُم عِندَ المَوتِ«لا إلهَ إلّا اللهُ ُ»؛،فَإِنَّهُ مَن کانَ أوَّلُ کَلامِهِ«لا إلهَ إلّا اللهُ ُ»وَآخِرُ کلامِهِ«لا إله إلّا اللهُ ُ»ثُمَّ عاشَ ألفَ سَنَةٍ،ما سُئِلَ عَن ذَنبٍ واحِدٍ. (3)

225:الکافی عن سلیمان بن خالد: قُلتُ لِأبی عَبدِ اللهِ علیه السلام:إنَّ لی أهلَ بَیتٍ وهُم یَسمَعونَ مِنِّی،أفَأَدعوهم إلی هذَا الأمرِ؟فَقالَ:نَعَم،إنَّ اللهَ عزّ وجلّ یَقولُ فی کِتابِهِ: (یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً وَقُودُهَا النّاسُ وَ الْحِجارَةُ ) 4. 5

ب حُبُّ النَّبِیِ ّ وأهلِ بَیتِهِ

226:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: أدِّبوا أولادَکُم عَلی ثَلاثِ خِصالٍ:حُبِّ نَبِیِّکُم،وحُبِّ أهلِ بَیتِهِ،وعَلی قِراءَةِ القُرآنِ. (4)

ج الفَرائِضُ سِیَّما الصَّلاةُ والصَّومُ

(وَ أْمُرْ أَهْلَکَ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ اصْطَبِرْ عَلَیْها لا نَسْئَلُکَ رِزْقاً نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُکَ وَ الْعاقِبَةُ لِلتَّقْوی ). 7

ص:128

223:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:When your children begin to speak, teach them:'There is no god but Allah' and then do not care when they will die; and when their milk-teeth start falling, enjoin them to perform prayers. (1)

224:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Let the first phrase spoken by your children be 'There is no god but Allah', and at the time of death inculcate to them:'There is no god but Allah', for he whose first word is:'There is no god but Allah', and last word is:'There is no god but Allah' and ]even if he[ lives for a thousand years, he will not be asked about a single sin ]therein[. (2)

225:al-Kāfi, narrating from Sulaymān ibn Khālid who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.(:I have some family members who follow my words, do I invite them to this affair ]in becoming Shi'ah[?

He )a.s.( said:Yes.Verily, Allah has said in His Book:O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is men and stones (3) (4)

(وَ اذْکُرْ فِی الْکِتابِ إِسْماعِیلَ إِنَّهُ کانَ صادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَ کانَ رَسُولاً نَبِیًّا * وَ کانَ یَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ الزَّکاةِ وَ کانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِیًّا). 1

227:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام کانَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله مُنصِباً (1)لِنَفسِهِ بَعدَ البُشری لَهُ بِالجَنَّةِ مِن رَبِّهِ،فَقالَ عزّ وجلّ: (وَ أْمُرْ أَهْلَکَ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ اصْطَبِرْ عَلَیْها...) الآیة،فَکانَ یَأمُرُ بِها أهلَهُ،و یُصَبِّرُ عَلَیها نَفسَهُ. (2)

228:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام دَخَلَ عَلی أبی علیه السلام رَجُلٌ فَقالَ:رَحِمَکَ اللهُ ُ،اُحَدِّثُ أهلِی؟قالَ نَعَم،إنَّ اللهَ یَقولُ: (یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً وَقُودُهَا النّاسُ وَ الْحِجارَةُ ) ،وَقالَ: (وَ أْمُرْ أَهْلَکَ بِالصَّلاةِ وَ اصْطَبِرْ عَلَیْها). 4 229:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-فی قَولِهِ تَعالی: «قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً»-: عَلِّموا أنفُسَکُم و أهلیکُمُ الخَیرَ. (3)

230:عنه علیه السلام-ایضا-مَعناهُ: عَلِّموهُم ما یَنجونَ بِهِ مِنَ النّارِ. (4)

231:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله-لَمّا سُئِلَ عَنِ الصَّبِیِ مَتی یُصَلّی؟-: إذا عَرَفَ یَمینَهُ مِن شِمالِهِ فَمُروهُ بِالصَّلاةِ. (5)

ص:130

And mention Ismā'il in the Book, verily he was )ever( true to )his( promise, and he was an apostle, a prophet.And he used to enjoin on his family prayer and almsgiving, and he was well pleased in the sight of his Lord. (1)

227:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The Prophet )s.a.w.( was toiling hard after receiving the glad tidings from his Lord that he would enter Heaven.Then Allah revealed the verse:And bid your family to pray and be constant therein (2) So he )s.a.w.( ordered his family to perform prayers and he himself was persisting upon it. (3)

228:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:A man came to my father and said:May Allah bless you! Can I narrate ]traditions[ to my family?He said:Yes.Allah says:O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is men and stones (4) nd he )a.s.( added:And bid your family to pray and be constant therein (5) (6)

229:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said,-regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted:save yourselves and your family from a Fire (7) -:Teach yourselves and your family righteo usness. (8)

230:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said,-regarding the saying of Allah the Exalted:save yourselves and your family from a Fire (9) -:It means:Teach them that which will save them from Hellfire. (10)

231:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said,-when asked when a child should begin to pray-:When he recognizes his right hand from his left hand, enjoin him to pray. (11)

ص:131

232:جامع الأخبار: رُوِیَ عَنِ النَّبِیِ صلی الله علیه وآله أنَّهُ نَظَرَ إلی بَعضِ الأطفالِ فَقالَ:وَیلٌ لِأَولادِ آخِرِ الزَّمانِ مِن آبائِهِم.فَقیلَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،مِن آبائِهِمُ المُشرِکینَ؟

فَقالَ:لا،مِن آبائِهِمُ المُؤمِنینَ؛لا یُعَلِّمونَهُم شَیئا مِنَ الفَرائِضِ،و إذا تَعلَّموا أولادُهُم مَنَعوهُم،و رَضوا عَنهُم بِعَرَضٍ یَسیرٍ مِنَ الدُّنیا،فَأنا مِنهُم بَرِیءٌ،و هُم مِنِّی بُرآءٌ. (1)

233:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام إذا عَقَلَ الغُلامُ و قَرَأ شَیئاً مِنَ القُرآنِ عُلِّمَ الصَّلاةَ. (2)

234:عنه علیه السلام عَلِّموا صِبیانَکُم الصَّلاةَ،و خُذوهُم بِها إذا بَلَغوا الحُلُمَ. (3)

235:عنه علیه السلام عَلِّموا صِبیانَکُم الصَّلاةَ،و خُذوهُم بِها إذا بَلَغوا ثَمانَ سِنینَ. (4)

236:عنه علیه السلام: یُؤمَرُ الصَّبِیُ بِالصَّلاةِ إذا عَقَلَ،و بِالصَّومِ إِذا أطاقَ. (5)

237:الإمام زین العابدین علیه السلام أمَّا صَومُ التَّأدیبِ فَأَن یُؤخَذَ الصَّبِیُ إذا رَاهَقَ بِالصَّومِ،تَأدیبا و لَیسَ بِفَرضٍ. (6)

238:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: إنّا نَأمُرُ صِبیانَنا بِالصَّلاةِ إذا کانوا بَنی خَمسِ سِنینَ،فَمُروا صِبیانَکُم بِالصَّلاةِ إذا کانوا بَنی سَبعِ سِنینَ،و نَحنُ نَأمُرُ صِبیانَنا بِالصَّومِ إذا کانوا بَنی سَبعِ سِنینَ بِما أطاقوا مِن صِیامِ الیَومِ إن کانَ إلی نِصفِ النَّهارِ أو أکثَرَ مِن ذلِکَ أو أقَلَّ،فَإِذا غَلَبَهُمُ العَطَشُ و الغَرَثُ (7)أفطَروا،حَتّی یَتَعَوَّدُوا الصَّومَ و یُطیقوهُ،فَمُروا

ص:132

232:Jāmi' al-Akhbār: It is narrated that the Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( once looked at some children and said:Woe unto the children of the end time because of their fathers! He was asked:O Messenger of Allah! Is it because of their polytheist fathers?He said:No, but it is because of their believing fathers who do not teach them any of their obligatory acts, and when their children decide to learn, the parents prevent them.They will be content with small things they have from this world.I disown myself from them and they are not from me. (1)

233:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:When a child becomes intelle ctually mature and is able to recite parts of the Qurān, he should be taught how to pray. (2)

234:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Teach your children to pray, and when they reach puberty make them account able for it. (3)

235:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Teach your children to pray, and when they became eight make them accou ntable for it. (4)

236:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:When a child can perceive ]things[ he is ordered to pray, and to fast if he is capable. (5)

237:Imām al-Sajjād )a.s.( said:Training to fast is when the child is made to fast before reaching the age of puberty, and it is just for the purpose of training, and not an obligatory fasting. (6)

238:Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( said:When our children are five years old, we enjoin them to pray, but you should enjoin them to pray when they are seven.We enjoin our children to fast as much as they can when they are seven, whether it is half of a day or less or more than that.When the thirst or hunger overcomes them, they break their fast so that they become accustomed to fasting and are capable of performing it.So, enjoin your children to

ص:133

صِبیانَکُم إذا کانوا بَنی تِسعِ سِنینَ بِالصَّومِ مَا استَطاعوا مِن صِیامِ الیَومِ،فَإذا غَلَبَهُمُ العَطَشُ أفطَروا. (1)

239:الإمام الباقر و الإمام الصادق علیهما السلام: إذا بَلَغَ الغُلامُ ثَلاثَ سِنینَ،یُقالُ لَهُ:قُل لا إلهَ إلّا الله سَبْعَ مَرّاتٍ.ثُمَّ یُترَکُ حَتّی یَتِمَّ لَهُ ثَلاثُ سِنینَ و سَبعَةُ أشهُرٍ و عِشرونَ یَوما،فَیُقالُ لَهُ:قُل:«مُحَمَّدٌ رَسولُ اللهِ»سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ.و یُترَکُ حَتّی یَتِمَّ لَهُ أربَعُ سِنینَ،ثُمَّ یُقالُ لَهُ قُل:سَبعَ مَرّاتٍ:«صَلَّی اللهُ عَلی مُحَمَّدٍ و آلِهِ».ثُمَّ یُترَکُ حَتّی یَتِمَّ لَهُ خَمسُ سِنینَ،ثُمَّ یُقالُ لَهُ:أیُّهُما یَمینُکَ و أیَّهُما شِمالُکَ؟فَإِذا عَرَفَ ذلِکَ حُوِّلَ وَجهُهُ إلی القِبلَةِ و یُقالُ لَهُ:أسجُد.ثُمَّ یُترَکُ حَتَّی یَتِمَّ لَهُ سَبعُ سِنینَ،فَإِذا تَمَّ لَهُ سَبعُ سِنینَ قیلَ لَهُ:اغسِل وَجهَکَ و کَفّیکَ،فَإِذا غَسَلَهُما قیلَ لَهُ:صَلِّ.ثُمَّ یُترَکُ حَتّی یَتِمَّ لَهُ تِسعُ سِنینَ،فَإِذا تَمَّت لَهُ عُلِّمَ الوُضوءَ،و ضُرِبَ عَلَیهِ،و امِرَ بِالصَّلاةِ،و ضُرِبَ عَلَیها.فَإِذا تَعَلَّمَ الوُضوءَ وَالصَّلاةَ غَفَرَ اللهُ عزّ وجلّ لَهُ و لِوَالِدَیهِ إن شاءَ اللهُ ُ. (2)

240:دعائم الإسلام: رُوّینا عَن جَعفَر بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ علیه السلام:أنَّهُ کانَ یَأمُرُ الصَّبِیَ بِالصَّومِ فی شَهرِ رَمَضانَ بَعضَ النَّهارِ،فَإِذا رَأَی الجُوعَ و العَطَشَ غَلَبَ عَلَیهِ،أمَرَهُ فَأَفطَرَ. (3)

241:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إنَّا نَأمُرُ صِبیانَنا بِالصَّلاةِ وَ الصِّیامِ ما أطاقوا،إذا کانوا أبناءَ سَبعِ سِنینَ. (4)

242:عنه علیه السلام-لَمّا سُئِلَ:مَتی تَجِبُ الصَّلاةُ عَلَی الصَّبِیِ (5)؟-: إذا کانَ ابنَ سِتِّ سِنینَ،وَالصِّیامُ إذا أطاقَهُ. (6)

ص:134

fast as much as they can when they are nine years old, and when thirst overcomes them they may break their fast. (1)

932:Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( and Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:When a boy becomes three years old, he should be told:Say:'There is no god but Allah' seven times.Then he must be left until he becomes three years seven months and twenty days, then he must be told:Say:'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah' seven times.Then he is left until he finishes four years, and then he must be told:Say:'Praise of Allah be upon Muhammad and his progeny' seven times.Then is left until he finishes five years.At that time, he must be asked which one is his right hand and which one is his left.If he can recognize them, his face should be turned towards the direction of the Qiblah and he must be told:Prostrate.Then he is left until he finishes seven years, in which he is told:Wash your face and your hands.When he washes them he should be told:Perform your prayers.Then he is left until he finishes nine years of age.At this time, he must be taught how to make ablution and perform prayer and he must be disc iplined for abandoning them.When he learns ablution and prayers, Allah will forgive both him and his parents, by the will of Allah. (2)

240:Da'ā'im al-Islam: It was narrated to us from Ja'far ibn Muhammad ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.(:He used to enjoin a child to fast during the month of Ramadān for a part of the day, and when he saw that thirst and hunger had overcome him, he would tell him to break his fast. (3)

241:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:When our children reach the age of seven we order them to pray and fast as much as they can tolerate. (4)

242:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said,-in answer to a question about the age when prayer becomes obligatory for a child-:As for prayers, when he is at the age of six, and fasting is when he is able to bear it. (5)

ص:135

243:تهذیب الأحکام عن معاویة بن وهب: سَأَلتُ أبا عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام:فی کَم یُؤخَذُ الصَّبِیُ ّ بِالصَّلاةِ؟

فَقالَ:فیما بَینَ سَبعِ سِنینَ و سِتِّ سِنینَ.

قُلْتُ:فی کَم یُؤخَذُ بِالصِّیامِ؟

فَقالَ:فیما بَینَ خَمسَ عَشرَةَ أو أربَعَ عَشرَةَ،وإن صامَ قَبلَ ذلِکَ فَدَعهُ،فَقَد صامَ ابنی فُلانٌ قَبلَ ذلِکَ و تَرَکتُهُ. (1)

د القُرآنُ

244:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن قَرَأَ القُرآنَ قَبلَ أن یَحتَلِمَ فَقَد اوتِی الحُکمَ صَبِیّا. (2)

245:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: خِیارُکُم مَن تَعَلَّمَ القُرآنَ وعَلَّمَهُ. (3)

246:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ما مِن رَجُلٍ عَلَّمَ وَلَدَهُ القُرآنَ إلّا تُوِّجَ أبَواهُ یَومَ القِیامَةِ بِتاجِ المُلکِ،وکُسِیَ حُلَّتَینِ لَم یَرَ النّاسُ مِثلَهُما. (4)

247:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: سورَةُ الواقِعَةِ سورَةُ الغِنی،فَاقرَؤوها،و عَلِّموها أولادَکُم. (5)

248:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا أحَبَّ أحَدُکُم أن یُحَدِّثَ رَبَّهُ فَلیَقرَأِ القُرآنَ. (6)

ص:136

243:Tahdhib al-Ahkām, narrating from Mu'āwiyah ibn Wahab who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.(:In what age will a child be accou ntable for prayer?He answered:When he is between six and seven years of age.I asked:In what age will he be accou ntable for fasting?He ans wered:When he is between fourteen and fifteen, and if he observed fasting before this, let him.My son so and so fasted before this age and I let him do so. (1)

249:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن أعطاهُ اللهُ حِفظَ کِتابِهِ لَو ظَنَّ،أنَّ أحَداً اوتِیَ أفضَلَ مِمّا اوتِیَ فَقَد غَمَطَ (1)أعظَمَ النِّعَمِ. (2)

250:شرح نهج البلاغة لابن أبی الحدید: وَفَدَ غالِبُ بنُ صَعصَعَةَ عَلی عَلِیٍّ علیه السلام و مَعهُ ابنُهُ الفَرَزدَقُ (3)،فَقالَ لَهُ:مَن أنتَ؟فَقالَ:غالِبُ بنُ صَعصَعَةَ المُجاشِعِیُّ....

قالَ:یا أبَا الأَخطَلِ،مَن هذَا الغُلامُ مَعَکَ؟قالَ:اِبنی،و هُوَ شَاعِرٌ.قالَ:عَلِّمهُ القُرآنَ؛فَهُوَ خَیرٌ لَهُ مِنَ الشِّعرِ. (4)

251:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: حَقُّ الوَلَدِ عَلَی الوالِدِ أن یُحسِنَ اسمَهُ،و یُحسِنَ أدَبَهُ،و یُعَلِّمَهُ القُرآنَ. (5)

252:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: الحافِظُ لِلقُرآنِ العامِلُ بِهِ مَعَ السَّفَرَةِ (6)الکِرامِ البَرَرَةِ. (7)

ه المَعارِفُ الدّینِیَّةُ

253:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: عَلِّموا صِبیانَکُم ما یَنفَعُهُمُ اللهُ ُ بِهِ،لا تَغلِب عَلَیهِمُ المُرجِئَةُ بِرَأیِها. (8)

ص:138

249:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Any person whom Allah gifted with memorising of His Book thinks that another person has been given something better has indeed belittled the greatest bounty. (1)

250:Sharh Nahj al-Balāghah: Ghālib ibn Sa'sa'ah once went to ]Imām[ 'Ali )a.s.( along with his son Farazdaq and 'Ali )a.s.( had asked him:Who are you?He answered:Ghālib ibn Sa'sa'ah al-Mujāshi'i....He )a.s.( said:O Abū al-Akhtal! Who is this lad with you?He answered:My son.He is a poet.He )a.s.( said:Teach him the Qurān, as it is better for him than poetry. (2)

251:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The children's right upon the father is that he should choose a good name for them, discipline them well and teach them the Qurān. (3)

252:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:The memoriser of the Qurān who practises according to it will be with the envoys )al-safarah( ,the noble, the pious )angels( (4) (5)

254:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: بادِروا أحداثَکُم بِالحَدیثِ قَبلَ أن تَسبِقَکُم إلَیهِمُ المُرجِئَةُ (1). (2)

و الکتابة

255:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: حَقُّ الوَلَدِ عَلَی الوالِدِ أن یُعَلِّمَهُ الکِتابَةَ وَ السِّباحَةَ وَالرَّمیَ،و أن یُوَرِّثَهُ طیِّباً. (3)

ز المَسائِلُ الصِّحِّیّةُ

256:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: لِکُلِّ شَیءٍ حیلَةٌ،وحیلَةُ الصِّحَّةِ فِی الدُّنیا أربَعُ خِصالٍ:قِلَّةُ الکَلامِ،و قِلَّةُ المَنامِ،و قِلَّةُ المَشیِ،و قِلَّةُ الطَّعامِ. (4)

257:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: امُّ جَمیعِ الأَدوِیَةِ قِلَّةُ الأَکلِ. (5)

258:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: المَعِدَةُ بَیتُ کُلِّ داءٍ،وَالحِمیَةُ رأسُ کُلِّ دَواءٍ. (6)

259:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-لَمّا سُئِلَ فَقیلَ:إنَّ فِی القُرآنِ کُلَّ عِلمٍ إلَّا الطِّبَّ؟- أما إنَّ فِی القُرآنِ لَآیَةً تَجمَعُ الطِّبَّ کُلَّهُ: (وَ کُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا وَ لا تُسْرِفُوا) 7. 8

260:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-فِی الحِکَمِ المَنسوبَةِ إلَیهِ- لا تَطلُبِ الحَیاةَ لِتَأکُلَ،بَلِ اطلُبِ الأَکلَ لِتَحیا. (7)

ص:140

254:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Hasten to make your youth acquainted with traditions before that Murji'ites do. (1)

261:عنه علیه السلام-أیضا- یَنبَغی لِلعاقِلِ أن یَتَذَکَّرَ عِندَ حَلاوَةِ الغِذاءِ مَرارَةَ الدَّواءِ. (1)

262:الخصال: قالَ أمیرُ المُؤمِنینَ عَلِیُّ بنُ أبی طالِبٍ علیه السلام لِلحَسَنِ ابنِهِ علیه السلام:یا بُنَیَّ،ألا اعَلِّمُکَ أربَعَ خِصالٍ تَستَغنی بِها عَنِ الطِّبِّ؟

فَقالَ:بَلی،یا أمیرَالمُؤمِنینَ.

قالَ:لا تَجلِس عَلَی الطَّعامِ إلّا و أنتَ جائِعٌ،ولا تَقُم عَنِ الطَّعامِ إلّا و أنتَ تَشتَهیهِ،و جَوِّدِ المَضغَ،و إذا نِمتَ فَاعرِض نَفسَکَ عَلَی الخَلاءِ (2).فَإِذَا استَعمَلتَ هذَا استَغنَیتَ عَنِ الطِّبِّ. (3)

263:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: قِلَّةُ الأَکلِ یَمنَعُ کَثیراً مِن أعلالِ الجِسمِ. (4)

264:عنه علیه السلام: مَن غَرَسَ فی نَفسِهِ مَحَبَّةَ أنواعِ الطَّعامِ،اِجتَنی ثِمارَ فُنونِ الأَسقامِ. (5)

265:عنه علیه السلام: کَم مِن أکلَةٍ مَنَعَت أکَلاتٍ. (6)

ح الحِکَمُ الأَخلاقِیَّةُ

266:معانی الأخبار عن شریح بن هانئ: سَأَلَ أمیرُ المُؤمِنینَ علیه السلام ابنَهُ الحَسَنَ بنَ عَلیٍ ّ،فَقالَ:

یا بُنَیَ مَا العَقلُ؟قالَ:حِفظُ قَلبِکَ مَا استُودِعتَهُ.

ص:142

261:Imām 'Ali )a.s.(,-from the wise sayings attributed to him-: A wise person should remember the bitterness of medicine when tasting the sweetness of food. (1)

262:al-Khisāl: The Commander of the Faithful 'Ali ibn Abu Tālib )a.s.( said to his son Hasan )a.s.(:O my son! Should I teach you four things that with them you will have no need for medicine?

He )a.s.( said:Yes, O Commander of the Faithful!

The Imām said:Do not begin eating unless you are hungry, do not leave it unless you are still willing to eat from it, chew ]the food[ well, and go to the toilet before going to bed.If you apply these four points you will not need medicine. (2)

263:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Eating less will hinder many sicknesses of the body. (3)

264:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:He who plants in himself the love of different varieties of food will reap the fruits of different diseases. (4)

265:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Many a time has one eating hindered many eatings. (5)

قالَ:فَمَا الحَزمُ؟قالَ:أن تَنتَظِرَ فُرصَتَکَ،وتُعاجِلَ ما أمکَنَکَ.

قالَ:فَمَا المَجدُ؟قالَ:حَملُ المَغارِمِ،وَابتِناءُ المَکارِمِ.

قالَ:فَمَا السَّماحَةُ؟قالَ:إجابَةُ السّائِلِ،و بَذلُ النّائِلِ.

قالَ:فَمَا الشُّحُّ؟قالَ:أن تَرَی القَلِیلَ سَرَفاً،و مَا أنفَقتَ تَلَفاً.

قالَ:فَمَا الرِّقَّةُ؟قالَ:طَلَبُ الیَسیرِ،و مَنعُ الحَقیرِ.

قالَ:فَمَا الکُلفَةُ؟قالَ:التَّمَسُّکُ بِمَن لا یُؤَمِّنُکَ،و النَّظَرُ فیما لا یَعنیکَ.

قالَ:فَمَا الجَهلُ؟قالَ:سُرعَةُ الوُثوبِ عَلَی الفُرصَةِ قَبل الاستِمکانِ مِنها،و الامتِناعُ عَنِ الجَوابِ.و نِعمَ العَونُ الصَّمتُ فِی مَواطِنَ کَثیرَةٍ و إن کُنتَ فَصیحاً.

ثُمَّ أقبَلَ صَلَواتُ اللهِ ِ عَلَیهِ عَلَی الحُسَینِ ابنِهِ علیه السلام فَقالَ لَهُ:

یا بُنَیَ ّ ما السُّؤدَدُ؟قالَ:اصطِناعُ العَشیرَةِ،وَ احتِمالُ الجَریرَةِ.

قالَ:فَمَا الغِنی؟قالَ:قِلَّةُ أمانِیکَ،وَ الرِّضی بِما یَکفیکَ.

قالَ:فَمَا الفَقرُ؟قالَ:الطَّمَعُ،و شِدَّةُ القُنوطِ.

قالَ:فَمَا اللُّؤمُ؟قالَ:إحرازُ المَرءِ نَفسَهُ،وَإسلامُهُ عِرسَهُ.

قالَ:فَمَا الخُرقُ؟قالَ:مُعاداتُکَ أمیرَکَ و مَن یَقدِرُ عَلی ضَرِّکَ و نَفعِکَ.

ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلَی الحارِثِ الأعوَرِ فَقالَ:یا حارِثُ،عَلِّموا هذِهِ الحِکَمَ أولادَکُم؛فَإنَّها زِیادَةٌ فِی العَقلِ وَ الحَزمِ وَالرَّأیِ. (1)

ص:144

'Ali:My son! What is wisdom?He answered:Preserving that which you have entrusted to your heart.He asked again:What is prudence?His son answered:That you wait for the opport unity to come and hasten ]to it[ when you can.He ]Imām 'Ali[ )a.s.( asked:What is magnitude?He answered:Tolerating the losses and adopting genero sities.He asked:What is generosity?He answered:Responding to one who asks and the donating of he who has gained.He asked:What is stinginess?He answered:Consid ering a little thing given as prodi gality and what has been spent in charity as wasted.He asked:What is mildness?He answered:Demanding little and abandoning what is worthless.He asked:What is formality?He answered:Relying on someone who does not secure you, and pinning hopes on what does not have benefit for you.He asked:What is ignorance?He answered:It is to hasten for the opport unities before their time and to refrain from answering.The best helper in many occasions is silence, even if you are an eloquent speaker.Then Imām 'Ali-praises of Allah be upon him-turned to his son Husain and asked him:O my son! Who is called master?

He answered:One who lives in harmony with one's family and tolerates problems.

He asked:What is needle ssness?He answered:Having modest hopes and being content with what is enough for you.

'Ali )a.s.( asked:What is neediness?He answered:Greediness and extreme despair.

He )a.s.( asked:What is being mean?He answered:It is selfis hness and giving up the chastity ]of the family[.The Imām )a.s.( asked:What is foolish ness?He answered:Your enmity against your commander and to those who can harm you or benefit you.

Then the Imām )a.s.( turned his face to Hārith al-Ahwal and said:O Hārith! Teach these wisdoms to your children, for they increase intellect, farsig htedness and wisdom. (1)

ص:145

267:تحف العقول عن سفیان الثوری: دَخَلتُ عَلَی الصّادِقِ علیه السلام فَقُلتُ لَهُ:أوصِنی....

فَقالَ علیه السلام:یا سُفیانُ،أدَّبَنی أبی علیه السلام بِثَلاثٍ،و نَهانی عَن ثَلاثٍ؛فَأمَّا اللَّواتی أدَّبَنی بِهِنَّ فَإنَّهُ قالَ لی:یا بُنَیَ،مَن یَصحَب صاحِبَ السَّوءِ لا یَسلَمُ،و مَن لا یُقیِّد ألفاظَهُ یَندَم،و مَن یَدخُل مَداخِلَ السّوءِ یُتَّهَم.

قُلتُ:یَا ابنَ بِنتِ رَسولِ اللهِ،فَمَا الثَّلاثُ اللَّواتِی نَهاکَ عَنهُنَّ؟قالَ علیه السلام:نَهانی أن اصاحِبَ حاسِدَ نِعمَةٍ،و شامِتاً بِمُصیبَةٍ،أو حامِلَ نَمیمَةٍ. (1)

ط الأشعارُ النّافِعَةُ

268:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: کانَ أمیرُ المُؤمِنینَ علیه السلام یُعجِبُهُ أن یُروی شِعرُ أبی طالِبٍ،و أن یُدَوَّنَ،و قالَ:تَعَلَّموهُ و عَلِّموهُ أولادَکُم،فَإِنَّهُ کانَ عَلی دینِ اللهِ،و فیهِ عِلمٌ کَثیرٌ. (2)

269:عنه علیه السلام: یا مَعشَرَ الشّیعَةِ عَلِّموا أولادَکُم شِعرَ العَبدِیِ ّ (3)،فَإِنَّهُ عَلی دینِ اللهِ ِ. (4)

ص:146

267:Tuhaf al-'Uqul, narrating from Sufyān al-Thawri who said: I went to al-Sādiq )a.s.( and asked him to advise me.He )a.s.( said:O Sufyān! My father discip lined me with three good manners and forbade me from three things.As for the good manners, he told me:O my son! He who accomp anies an evil person will not remain safe, he who does not control his speech will regret and he who goes to bad places will be accused.I ]Sufyān[ said:O the son of the daughter of the Messenger of Allah! And what were the three things that he prohibited you from?He said:He forbade me from compa nionship with an envier of bounties, a gloater over the misfort unes of others and a talebearer. (1)

ص:148

Or is shedding tears caused by being far from the beloved;

Cools down the heat of the day of separation?

O rider, the steps of whose mount are firm!

And paves the old plain, trotting and swiftly.

Give my regards to that grave which is in Najaf.

And in it is he who is the best among Arabs and non-Arabs.

Make your motto humbleness before Allah, and call;

The best successor and the nearest in likeness to the best Prophet, and say:

On the day of Ghadir Khum he had kept them apart from this situation,

When Ahmad, the guide, climbed up the saddles of camels,

And told the people who were near around him,

Those who had resided in front of him, to the audience and those who were the hearers of his words:

O' 'Ali! Get up since I have been ordered to;

Convey a message to people and I am worthy of conveying a message,

You are the only spouse of the Prophet's daughter, al-Zahrā' )a.s.(,

Whom you protect and you are the father of her noble children,

The children, who strive in the path of Allah,

And are the arms of each other for the cause of Allah,

And believe in Him and work for Him.

They lead toward develo pment and perfection that when the darkness of aberration befalls,

They brightly guide better than any shooting star.

May the greeting of the Lord of the Throne in all times;

Be upon the son of Fātimah, he who repels sorrows!

On his ]'Ali's[ two sons, one of whom was killed by a fatal poison,

And the other was buried with a dusty ]bloody[ face.

After him was the pious one who was mostly in prost ration;

ص:150

Then is the cleaver of science who appr oached the peak of research.

Next to him are Ja'far and his son Musā.

Then al-Ridā, the righteous, and al-Jawād, the worshipper.

Finally, the two 'Askaris, and al-Mahdi, who is their Qā'im.

And the owner of affair who has worn the garment of guidance.

The one who fills the earth with justice after it is filled with cruelty.

And eradicates the people of aberration and wrong action.

O possessor of the Pond of Kawthar full of limpid water!

Who hinders the enemies from its wholesome water!

By expressing some thoughts and sayings of mine,

Seeking you, I knocked out some of your enemies.

So much so that my opinions, by means of the sword of poetry and lecture.

Put the brand of disgrace on their foreheads.

I resorted to your love and piety as company

They were the best among all the companions I had

Then, provide with the mind of al-'Abdi a good elegy

That if an elegy violates Your limit, it will not be fair.

Inside me there is a modesty and guidance inclined toward You which is adored by virtue and courtesy.

I put my soul in trouble for Your sake,

With the knowledge that my tranqu illity is in such a trouble.

ص:151

ی السِّباحَةُ وَالرِّمایَةُ

270:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: عَلِّموا أولادَکُمُ السِّباحَةَ وَالرِّمایَةَ. (1)

271:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: عَلِّموا أبناءَکُمُ السِّباحَةَ وَالرَّمیَ،وَالمَرأةَ المِغزَلَ (2). (3)

272:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: عَلِّموا بَنیکُم الرَّمیَ؛فَإنَّهُ نِکایَةُ العَدُوِّ. (4)

5/3:وَقتُ تَربِیَةِ الطِّفلِ وتأدیبه

273:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: الوَلَدُ سَیِّدٌ سَبعَ سِنینَ،وعَبدٌ سَبعَ سِنینَ،ووَزیرٌ سَبعَ سِنینَ،فَإِن رَضیتَ مُکانَفَتَهُ لِإِحدی وعِشرینَ وإلّا فَاضرِب عَلی جَنبِهِ؛فَقَدِ اعتَذَرتَ الَی اللهِ عزّوجلّ. (5)

274:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: یُرَبَّی الصَّبِیُ ّ سَبعاً،ویُؤَدَّبُ سَبعاً،ویُستَخدَمُ سَبعاً،ومُنتَهی طولِهِ فی ثَلاثٍ وعِشرینَ سَنَةً،وعَقلِهِ فی خَمسٍ وثَلاثینَ سَنَةً،وما کانَ بَعدَ ذلِکَ فَبِالتَّجارِبِ. (6)

ص:152

275:عنه علیه السلام: وَلَدُکَ رَیحانَتُکَ سَبعاً،وَخادِمُکَ سَبعاً،ثُمَّ هُوَ عَدُوُّکَ أو صَدیقُکَ. (1)

276:عنه علیه السلام-مِن وَصِیَّتِهِ لِوَلَدِهِ الحَسَنِ علیه السلام- بادَرتُ بِوَصِیَّتی إلَیکَ،وأورَدتُ خِصالاً مِنها قَبلَ أن یَعجَلَ بی أجَلی دونَ أن افضِیَ إلَیکَ بِما فی نَفسی،أو أن انقَصَ فی رَأیی کَما نُقِصتُ فی جِسمِی،أو یَسبِقَنی إلَیکَ بَعضُ غَلَباتِ الهَوی وفِتَنِ الدُّنیا،فَتَکُونَ کَالصَّعبِ (2)النَّفورِ،وإنَّما قَلبُ الحَدَثِ کَالأرضِ الخالِیَةِ؛ما القِیَ فیها مِن شَیءٍ قَبِلَتهُ،فَبادَرتُکَ بِالأَدَبِ قَبلَ أن یَقسُوَ قَلبُکَ،ویَشتَغِلَ لُبُّکَ...ورَأیتُ حَیثُ عَنانی مِن أمرِکَ ما یَعنِی الوالِدُ الشَّفیقُ،وأجمَعتُ عَلَیهِ مِن أدَبِکَ أن یَکونَ ذلِکَ وأنتَ مُقبِلُ العُمُرِ ومُقتَبَلُ الدَّهرِ،ذو نِیَّةٍ سَلیمَةٍ،ونَفسٍ صافِیَةٍ،وأن أبتَدِئَکَ بِتَعلیمِ کِتابِ اللهِ ِ عزّ وجلّ وتَأویلِهِ،وشَرائِعِ الإِسلامِ وأحکامِهِ،وحَلالِهِ وحَرامِهِ. (3)

277:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: أمهِل صَبِیَّکَ حَتّی یَأتِیَ لَهُ سِتُّ سِنینَ،ثُمَّ ضُمَّهُ إلَیکَ سَبعَ سِنینَ فَأدِّبهُ بِأدَبِکَ،فَإِن قَبِلَ وصَلَحَ وإلّا فَخَلِّ عَنهُ. (4)

278:عنه علیه السلام: الغُلامُ یَلعَبُ سَبعَ سِنینَ،ویَتَعَلَّمُ الکِتابَ سَبعَ سِنینَ،ویَتَعَلَّمُ الحَلالَ وَالحَرامَ سَبعَ سِنینَ. (5)

ص:154

275:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Your child is your bundle of flowers for seven years, your servant for seven years, and then he will be either your enemy or your friend. (1)

276:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said,-in his advice to his son Hasan-:I hastened with my will for you and wrote its salient points lest death overtakes me before I divulged unto you what I have in my heart, or lest my wit be affected as my body has been affected, or the forces of passions or the evils of the world overtake you in making you like a stubborn camel.Indeed, the heart of a young man is like an uncul tivated land as it acce pts whatever is strewn on it.So, I hastened to raise you properly before your heart hardens up and your mind becomes occupied

Since I feel for your affairs as a compas sionate father should feel, and I aim at teaching and discip lining you, I thought it should be at a time when you are advancing in age and new on the stage of this world, possessing upright intention and a clean heart.Therefore, I should begin with the teaching of the book of Allah the Exalted and its inter pretation, along with the laws of Islam and its commands with its lawful and unlawful matters. (2)

277:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Leave your son alone until he becomes six years old, then have him accompany you and discipline him with your own discipline.If he accepts it and improves, that is good, otherwise let him be. (3)

278:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:A boy must be left to play for seven years, taught the Qurān for seven years and must learn the lawful and the unlawful for seven years. (4)

ص:155

6/3:المَنهَجُ التَّربَوِیُّ الإِسلامِیُّ

أ التَّکریمُ وَالرِّفقُ وَالرَّحمَةُ وَالمَحَبَّةُ

279:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: أَکرِموا أولادَکُم،وأحسِنوا أدَبَهُم. (1)

280:مسند ابن حنبل عن عمّ أبی رافع بن عمرو الغفاری: کُنتُ وأنا غُلامٌ أرمی نَخلاً لِلأَنصارِ،فَأتَی النَّبیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله فَقیلَ:إنَّ هاهُنا غُلاما یَرمی نَخلَنا! فَاُتِیَ بی إلَی النَّبِیِ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَقالَ:یا غُلامُ! لِمَ تَرمِی النَّخلَ؟قالَ:قُلتُ:آکُلُ.قالَ:فَلا تَرمِ النَّخلَ وکُل ما یَسقُطُ فی أسافِلِها.ثُمَّ مَسَحَ رَأسی وقالَ:اللّهُمَّ أشبِع بَطنَهُ. (2)

281:المعجم الکبیر عن أسد بن وداعة: أنَّ رَجُلاً یُقالُ لهُ:«جُزءٌ»أتَی النَّبِیَ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله فَقالَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،إنَّ أهلی یُغضِبونّی فَبِمَ اعاقِبُهُم؟فَقالَ:تَعفو،ثُمَّ قالَ الثّانِیَة،حَتّی قالَها ثَلاثاً،قالَ:فَإِن عاقَبتَ فَعاقِب بِقَدرِ الذَّنبِ،وَاتَّقِ الوَجهَ. (3)

282:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: کُن کَالطَّبیبِ الرَّفیقِ الَّذی یَضَعُ الدَّواءَ بِحَیثُ یَنفَعُ. (4)

283:عنه علیه السلام: ازجُرِ المُسیءَ بِثَوابِ المُحسِنِ. (5)

284:عنه علیه السلام: عُقوبَةُ العُقلاءِ التَّلویحُ،عُقوبَةُ الجُهَلاءِ التَّصریحُ. (6)

ص:156

285:عنه علیه السلام: تَلویحُ زَلَّةِ العاقِلِ لَهُ مِن أمَضِّ (1)عِتابِهِ. (2)

286:عنه علیه السلام: التَّعریضُ (3)لِلعاقِلِ أشَدُّ عِتابِهِ. (4)

287:عنه علیه السلام: رُبَّ ذَنبٍ مِقدارُ العُقوبَةِ عَلَیهِ إعلامُ المُذنِبِ بِهِ. (5)

288:الإمام زین العابدین علیه السلام: حَقُّ الصَّغیرِ رَحمَتُهُ فی تَعلیمِهِ،وَالعَفوُ عَنهُ وَالسِّترُ عَلَیهِ،وَالرِّفقُ بِهِ،وَالمَعونَةُ لَهُ...وحَقُّ أهلِ مِلَّتِکَ...أن یَکونَ شُیوخُهُم بِمَنزِلَةِ أبیکَ،وشُبّانُهُم،بِمَنزِلَةِ إخوَتِکَ،وعَجائِزُهُم بِمَنزِلَةِ امِّکَ،وَالصِّغارُ بِمَنزِلَةِ أولادِکَ. (6)

ب الصَّلابَةُ وعَدَمُ المُداهَنَةِ

(یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً وَقُودُهَا النّاسُ وَ الْحِجارَةُ عَلَیْها مَلائِکَةٌ غِلاظٌ شِدادٌ لا یَعْصُونَ اللّهَ ما أَمَرَهُمْ وَ یَفْعَلُونَ ما یُؤْمَرُونَ ). 7

289:صحیح مسلم عن أبی هریرة: لَمّا انزِلَت هذِهِ الآیَةُ: (وَ أَنْذِرْ عَشِیرَتَکَ الْأَقْرَبِینَ ) 8 دَعا رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله قُرَیشاً فَاجتَمَعوا،فَعَمَّ وخَصَّ،فَقالَ:

یا بَنی کَعبِ بنِ لُؤیٍ ّ (7)! أنقِذوا أنفُسَکُم مِنَ النّارِ.

ص:158

285:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The implicit remark to a wise person regarding his mistakes is among the most painful of blaming. (1)

286:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:To speak allusively to a wise person is the worst scorn for him. (2)

287:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The punishment for a number of sins is just telling the wrong-doer about them. (3)

288:Imām al-Sajjād )a.s.( said:A child's right is to be kind to him when educating him, forgiving him, covering his mistakes, acting moderately towards him and helping him.And the right of people of your faith is that you consider the elderly ]men[ amongst them as your father, their young ones as your brothers, the elderly ]women[ amongst them as your mother and their infants as your children. (4)

یا بَنی مُرَّةَ بنِ کَعبٍ (1)! أنقِذوا أنفُسَکُم مِنَ النّارِ.

یا بَنِی عَبدِ شَمسٍ! أنقِذوا أنفُسَکُم مِنَ النّارِ.

یا بَنی عَبدِ مَنافٍ (2)! أنقِذُوا أنفُسَکُم مِنَ النّارِ.

یا بَنی هاشِمٍ (3)! أنقِذُوا أنفُسَکُم مِنَ النّارِ.

یا بَنی عَبدِ المُطَّلِبِ! أنقِذوا أنفُسَکُم مِنَ النّارِ.

یا فاطِمَةُ! أنقِذی نَفسَکِ مِنَ النّارِ؛فَإِنّی لا أملِکُ لَکُم مِنَ اللهِ ِ شَیئاً،غَیرَ أنَّ لَکُم رَحِما سَأَبُلُّها بِبِلالِها (4). (5)

290:الدرّ المنثور عن زید بن أسلم: تَلا رَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله هذِهِ الآیَةَ: «قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً» ،فَقالوا:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،کَیفَ نَقِی أهلَنا نارا؟

قالَ:تَأمرونَهُم بِما یُحِبُّهُ اللهُ،وتَنهَونَهُم عَمَّا یَکرَهُ اللهُ. (6)

291:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-فِی کِتابِهِ إلی بَعضِ عُمّالِهِ- فَاتَّقِ اللهَ وَاردُد إلی هؤلاءِ القَومِ أموالَهُم،فَإِنَّکَ إن لَم تَفعَل ثُمَّ أمکَنَنِی اللهُ مِنکَ لاَُعذِرَنَّ إلَی اللهِ فیکَ،ولاَءَضرِبَنَّکَ بِسَیفِی الَّذی ما ضَرَبتُ بِهِ أحَدا إلّا دَخَلَ النّارَ،ووَاللهِ لَو أنَّ الحَسَنَ وَالحُسَینَ فَعَلا مِثلَ الَّذی فَعَلتَ ما کانَت لَهُما عِندی هَوادَةٌ،ولا ظَفِرا مِنّی بِإِرادَةٍ حَتّی آخُذَ الحَقَّ مِنهُما،واُزیحَ الباطِلَ عَن مَظلَمَتِهِما. (7)

ص:160

then he told them all in general and speci fically:O children of Ka'b ibn Lu'ay! (1) Save yourselves from the Fire! O children of Murrah ibn Ka'b! (2) Save yourselves from the Fire! O children of 'Abd Shams! Save yourselves from the Fire! O children of 'Abd Manāf! Save yourselves from the Fire! O children of Hāshim! (3) Save yourselves from the Fire! O children of 'Abd al-Mutalib! (4) Save yourselves from the Fire!

O Fātimah! Save yourself from the Fire! Because I cannot guarantee for you anything from Allah, except that you have the right of relati onship to which I relate with you in this world ]and it cannot benefit you in the Hereafter[. (5)

290:al-Durr al-Manthur, narrating from Zaid ibn Aslam: The Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( recited this verse:save yourselves and your families from a fire (6) He )s.a.w.( was asked:O the Messenger of Allah! How can we save our family from the Fire?He said:Enjoin them to what Allah likes and prohibit them from what Allah dislikes. (7)

291:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said,-in a letter to one of his agents-:Fear Allah and return to these people their properties.If you do not do so and Allah grants me power over you I shall excuse myself before Allah about you and strike you with my sword that I have not struck anyone without them going to Hell.By Allah, even if Hasan and Husain had done what you did, there would have been no leniency with me to them and they could not have won their way with me till I had received the right from them and eradicated the wrong produced by their unjust action. (8)

ص:161

292:الکافی عن أبی بصیر: سَألتُ أبا عبد الله علیه السلام فی قَولِ اللهِ: «قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً»: کَیفَ نَقی أهلَنا؟قَالَ:تَأمرونَهُم وَتَنهَونَهُم. (1)

293:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: لَمّا نَزَلَت هذهِ الآیَةُ: (یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً) جَلَسَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ المُسلِمینَ یَبکی وقالَ:أنا عَجَزتُ عَن نَفسی،کُلِّفتُ أهلی؟! فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:حَسبُکَ أن تأمُرَهُم بِما تَأمُرُ بِهِ نَفسَکَ،وتَنهاهُم عَمَّا تَنهی عَنهُ نَفسَکَ. (2)

294:الکافی عن أبی بصیر-فی قَولِ اللهِ عزّ وجلّ ِ: (قُوا أَنْفُسَکُمْ وَ أَهْلِیکُمْ ناراً) - قُلتُ:کَیفَ أقیهِم؟قالَ:تَأمُرُهُم بِما أمَرَ اللهُ ُ وتَنهاهُمُ عَمَّا نَهاهُمُ اللهُ ُ،فَإن أطاعوکَ کُنتَ قَد وَقَیتَهُم،وإن عَصَوکَ کُنتَ قَد قَضَیتَ ما عَلَیکَ. (3)

ج التَّأدیبُ العَمَلِیُ ّ

295:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: مَن نَصَبَ نَفسَهُ لِلنّاسِ إماماً فَلیَبدَأ بِتَعلیمِ نَفسِهِ قَبلَ تَعلیمِ غَیرِهِ،ولیَکُن تَأدیبُهُ بِسیرَتِهِ قَبلَ تَأدیبِهِ بِلِسانِهِ.ومُعَلِّمُ نَفسِهِ ومُؤَدِّبُها أَحَقُّ بِالإِجلالِ مِن

مُعَلِّمِ النّاسِ ومُؤَدِّبِهِم. (4)

296:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: کونوا دُعاةً لِلنّاسِ بِغَیرِ ألسِنَتِکُم؛لِیَرَوا مِنکُمُ الوَرَعَ وَالاجتِهادَ وَالصَّلاةَ وَالخَیرَ،فَإِنَّ ذلِکَ داعِیَةٌ. (5)

ص:162

292:al-Kāfi, narrating from Abu Basir: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.( about the saying of Allah:Save yourselves and your families from a fire (1) How can we save our families.He )a.s.( said:By enjoining them ]to do good[ and forbidding them ]from evil deeds[. (2)

293:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:When the verse:O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a fire (3) was revealed, one of the Muslims began weeping and said:I was not able to manage my own affairs and yet I became obliged to my family.The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:It is enough for you to enjoin them to what you would enjoin yourself, and forbid them from what you forbid yourself. (4)

294:al-Kāfi, narrating from Abu Basir: ]I asked Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.([ Concerning the saying of Allah:Save yourselves and your families from a Fire (5) I asked:How can I save them?

He replied:Enjoin them to what Allah orders and forbid them from what Allah forbids.If they obey you, you have saved them, and if they disobey you, you have fulfilled your obligation. (6)

there is no decisi veness concer ning them, they tend to incline to crime and wrong-doing.

Dignifying a child means to honor and value him.In the Islamic approach, a child must not be degraded just because of being a child, and he must not feel that he is worthless or of little value.A child is mostly in need of affection, and an adult is mostly in need of respect, (1) yet this does not mean that the person ality of a child must not be respected.The same goes to elders, as one must not forget to respect them, and be kind and affecti onate towards them.

The child who is given value and his person ality is respected and honored feels worthiness with honor and self-dignity, and one who considers value for himself, does not engage in wrong doing.

Self-dignity is the main pivot of Islamic morals and upbringing, and its most important way is to respect and dignify people, in particular during childhood.Of course, the concept of dignity is partly dependent on the teaching of good and bad.

One of the most important upbringing points that must be observed in respecting the persona lity of a child is to take his feelings into considera tion during the first seven years of his life.This subject is so important that according to a tradition from the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.(, this age period is called as the term of the supremacy of a child.He )s.a.w.( said:

A child is a master for seven years.

The supremacy of the child calls for his comma ndment and obedience by the parents, which means that during his first seven years, a child must command in the house, and therefore, whatever he wants must be provided if it is not harmful and it is possible for the parents to do so.

The result of the upbringing of the child as a commander during his first seven years and the correct submission of the parents to him will be the absolute obedience of the child and his love to the parents for the duration of his next seven years.The tradition continues by saying:

ص:166

And he is a servant for ]the second[ seven years.

The obedience of a child to his parents is the result of the utmost confidence that he has in them which he acquired during the first seven years of his life.The appearance of this state in the child during the second seven years which is the time of his education is of extrao rdinary importance for his upbringing.

After finishing the second seven years of the child's life, there comes the period of his ministry in the family, as the tradition continues saying:

And he is a minister for ]the third[ seven years.

In this period the child is no more a servant.The gratific ation of the person ality of the child requires that, as being the minister of the family, he should be consulted with and the things that he is capable of doing can be given to him to do.By observing the above factors, the respons ibility of the family in the child's upbringing and education is fulfilled.

ص:167

7/3:آفاتُ التَّأدیبِ

أ الإفراطُ فِی المَحَبَّةِ

297:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: شَرُّ الآباءِ مَن دَعاهُ البِرُّ إلَی الإِفراطِ،وشَرُّ الأَبناءِ مَن دَعاهُ التَّقصیرُ إلَی العُقوقِ. (1)

ب الإفراطُ فِی المَلامَةِ

298:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: الإِفراطُ فِی المَلامَةِ یَشُبُّ نیرانَ اللَّجاجِ. (2)

299:عنه علیه السلام: إیّاکَ أن تُکَرِّرَ العَتَبَ؛فَإِنَّ ذلکَ یُغری بِالذَّنبِ،ویُهَوِّنُ العُتبَ. (3)

300:عنه علیه السلام-فِی الحِکَمِ المَنسوبَةِ إِلَیهِ: إذا عاتَبتَ الحَدَثَ فَاترُک لَهُ مَوضِعاً مِن ذَنبِهِ؛لَئِلّا یَحمِلُهُ الإِخراج عَلَی المُکابَرَةِ. (4)

ج التَّأدیبُ عِندَ الغَضَبِ

301:الکافی عن علیّ بن أسباط عن بعض أصحابنا،قال (5): نَهی رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله عَنِ الأَدَبِ عِندَ الغَضَبِ. (6)

ص:168

302:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: لا أدَبَ مَعَ غَضَبٍ. (1)

د الخُشونَةُ

303:الکافی عن یونس بن رباط عن الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:رَحِمَ اللهُ ُ مَن أعانَ وَلَدَهُ عَلی بِرِّهِ.

قالَ:قُلتُ:کَیفَ یُعینُهُ عَلی بِرِّهِ؟

قالَ:یَقبَلُ مَیسورَهُ،ویَتَجاوَزُ عَن مَعسورِهِ،ولا یُرهِقُهُ،ولا یَخرَقُ بِهِ (2)،فَلَیسَ بَینَهُ وبَینَ أن یَصیرَ فی حَدٍّ مِن حُدودِ الکُفرِ إلّا أن یَدخُلَ فی عُقوقٍ أو قَطیعَةِ رَحِمٍ. (3)

304:صحیح مسلم عن عائشة: ما ضَرَبَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله شَیئا قَطُّ بِیَدِهِ،ولَا امرَأَةً وَلا خادِماً،إلّا أن یُجاهِدَ فی سَبیلِ اللهِ. (4)

305:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-فِی الحِکَمِ المَنسوبَةِ إلَیهِ- قَدِّمِ العَدلَ عَلَی البَطشِ تَظفَر بِالمَحَبَّةِ،ولا تَستَعمِل الفِعلَ حَیثُ یَنجَعُ (5)القَولُ. (6)

306:عدّة الداعی: قالَ بَعضُهُم:شَکَوتُ إلی أبِی الحَسَنِ موسی علیه السلام ابناً لی،فَقالَ:لا تَضرِبهُ،وَاهجُرهُ ولا تُطِل. (7)

ص:170

302:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:Discipl ining is impossible with anger. (1)

8/3:التَّربِیَةُ الجِنسِیَّةُ

أ التَّفریقُ بَینَ الصَّبِیِ ّ وَالصَّبِیِّةِ فِی المَضاجِعِ

307:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: الصَّبِیُ ّ وَالصَّبِیُ ّ،وَالصَّبِیُ ّ وَالصَّبِیَّةُ،وَالصَّبِیَّةُ وَالصَّبِیَّةُ یُفرَّقُ بَینَهُم فی المَضاجِعِ لِعَشرِ سِنینَ. (1)

308:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا بَلَغَ أولادُکُم سَبعَ سِنینَ فَفَرِّقوا بَینَ فُرُشِهِم. (2)

309:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: یَثَّغِرُ الصَّبِیُ ّ لِسَبعٍ،ویُؤمَرُ بِالصَّلاةِ لِتِسعٍ،ویُفَرَّقُ بَینَهُم فِی المَضاجِعِ لِعَشرٍ. (3)

310:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: یُفَرَّقُ بَینَ الغِلمانِ وَالنِّساءِ فِی المَضاجِعِ اذا بَلَغوا عَشرَ سِنینَ. (4)

ب النَّهیُ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إلی عَورَةِ الطِّفلِ وبِالعَکسِ

311:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: لَیسَ لِلوالِدَینِ أن یَنظُرا إلی عَورَةِ الوَلَدِ،ولَیسَ لِلولَدِ أن یَنظُرَ إلی عَورَةِ الوَالِدِ. (5)

ص:172

312:المستدرک علی الصحیحین عن محمّد بن بیاض: رُفِعتُ إلی رَسولِ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله فی صِغَری وعَلَیَ ّ خِرقَةٌ وقَد کُشِفَت عَورَتی،فَقالَ:غَطُّوا حُرمَةَ عَورَتِهِ؛فَإِنَّ حُرمَةَ عَورَةِ الصَّغیرِ کَحُرمَةِ عَورَةِ الکَبیرِ.... (1)

313:الإمام الباقر علیه السلام: کانَ عَلِیُ ّ بنُ الحُسَینِ علیه السلام إذا حَضَرَ وِلادَةُ المَرأةِ قالَ:أخرِجوا مَن فِی البَیتِ مِنَ النِّساءِ؛لا تَکونُ المَرأَةُ أوَّلَ ناظِرٍ إلی عَورَتِهِ (2). (3)

د حَدُّ جَوازِ تَقبیلِ الجارِیَةِ وَالغُلامِ

314:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا بَلَغَتِ الجارِیَةُ سِتَّ سِنینَ فَلا تُقَبِّلها،وَالغُلامُ لا یُقَبِّلُ المَرأَةَ إذا جاوَزَ سَبعَ سِنینَ. (4)

315:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إذا بَلَغَتِ الجارِیَةُ الحُرَّةُ سِتَّ سِنینَ فَلا یَنبَغی لَکَ أن تُقَبِّلَها. (5)

316:تهذیب الأحکام عن علیّ بن عقبة عن بعض أصحابنا: کانَ أبُو الحَسَنِ الماضی علیه السلام عِندَ مُحمَّدِ بنِ إبراهیمَ والی مَکَّةَ،وهُو زَوجُ فاطِمَةَ بِنتِ أبی عَبدِ اللهِ ِ،وکانَت لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ إبراهیمَ بِنتٌ تُلبِسُها الثِّیابَ وتَجیءُ إلَی الرِّجالِ فَیَأخُذُها الرَّجُلُ ویَضُمُّها إلَیهِ،فَلَمّا تَناهَت إلی أبی الحَسَنِ علیه السلام أمسَکَها بِیَدَیهِ مَمدودَتَینِ،قالَ:

ص:174

312:al-Mustadrak 'alā al-Sahihain, narrating from Muhammad ibn Bayād who said: I was taken to the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( when I was ten years old and I had some torn clothing on my body and some of my private parts were seen.He )s.a.w.( said:Cover his nakedness because seeing the child's private parts is forbidden as it is with regard to an adult. (1)

313:Imām al-Bāqir said:'Ali ibn al-Husain ]al-Sajjād[ )a.s.( would say when delivery time of a woman approached:Send out the women who are in the room.A woman must not be the first one to look at the newborn's private parts. (2) (3)

إذا أتَت عَلَی الجارِیَةِ سِتُّ سِنینَ لَم یَجُز أن یُقَبِّلَها رَجُلٌ لَیسَ هِیَ بِمَحرَمٍ لَهُ،ولا یَضُمَّها إلَیهِ. (1)

ه الاِستِئذانُ لِلدُّخولِ إلَی الوالِدَینِ

(یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا لِیَسْتَأْذِنْکُمُ الَّذِینَ مَلَکَتْ أَیْمانُکُمْ وَ الَّذِینَ لَمْ یَبْلُغُوا الْحُلُمَ مِنْکُمْ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ صَلاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَ حِینَ تَضَعُونَ ثِیابَکُمْ مِنَ الظَّهِیرَةِ وَ مِنْ بَعْدِ صَلاةِ الْعِشاءِ ثَلاثُ عَوْراتٍ لَکُمْ لَیْسَ عَلَیْکُمْ وَ لا عَلَیْهِمْ جُناحٌ بَعْدَهُنَّ طَوّافُونَ عَلَیْکُمْ بَعْضُکُمْ عَلی بَعْضٍ کَذلِکَ یُبَیِّنُ اللّهُ لَکُمُ الْآیاتِ وَ اللّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَکِیمٌ * وَ إِذا بَلَغَ الْأَطْفالُ مِنْکُمُ الْحُلُمَ فَلْیَسْتَأْذِنُوا کَمَا اسْتَأْذَنَ الَّذِینَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ کَذلِکَ یُبَیِّنُ اللّهُ لَکُمْ آیاتِهِ وَ اللّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَکِیمٌ ). 2

317:السنن الکبری عن عطاء بن یسار أنَّ رَسولَ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقالَ:أستَأذِنُ یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ عَلی امِّی؟

فَقالَ:نَعَم.فَقالَ:إنِّی مَعَها فِی البَیتِ!

فَقالَ:اِستَأذِن عَلَیها.فَقالَ الرَّجُلُ:إنّی خادِمُها!

فَقالَ:أتحِبُّ أن تَراها عُریانَةً؟! قالَ:لا.

قالَ:فَاستَأذِن عَلَیها. (2)

318:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: أتی رَجُلٌ إلی رَسولِ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله قالَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ،هَل أستَأذِنُ عَلی امّی إذا أرَدتُ الدُّخولَ عَلَیها؟

ص:176

out and said:When a girl turns six it is not permis sible for a stran ger ]non-mahram[ to kiss and embrace her. (1)

قالَ:نَعَم،أیَسُرُّکَ أن تَراها عُریانَةً؟! قالَ:لا.

قالَ:فَاستَأذِن عَلَیها إذاً. (1)

319:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: یَستأذِنُ الرَّجُلُ إذا دَخَل عَلَی أبیهِ،ولا یَستَأذِنُ الأَبُ عَلَی الابنِ.

قالَ:ویَستأذِنُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَی ابنَتِهِ واُختِهِ إذا کانَتا مُتَزَوِّجَتَینِ. (2)

320:عنه علیه السلام: لِیَستَأذِنِ الَّذینَ مَلَکَت أیمانُکُم وَالَّذینَ لَم یَبلُغُوا الحُلُمَ مِنکُم ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ کَما أمَرَکُمُ اللهُ ُ عزّ وجلّ،ومَن بَلَغَ الحُلُمَ فَلا یَلِجُ عَلی امِّهِ ولا عَلی اختِهِ ولا عَلی خالَتِهِ ولا عَلی سِوی ذلِکَ إلّا بإذنٍ،فَلا تَأذَنوا حَتّی یُسَلِّمَ. (3)

321:الکافی عن محمّد بن علیّ الحلبی: قُلتُ لِأَبی عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام:الرَّجُلُ یَستَأذِنُ عَلی أبیهِ؟فَقالَ:نَعَم،قَد کُنتُ أستَأذِنُ عَلی أبی ولَیسَت امّی عِندَهُ،وإنَّما هِیَ امرَأَةُ أبی،تُوُفِّیَت أُمِّی وأنا غُلامٌ،وقَد یَکونُ مِن خَلوَتِهِما ما لا احِبُّ أن أفجَأَهُما عَلَیهِ،ولا یُحِبّانِ ذلِکَ مِنّی،وَالسَّلامُ أصوَبُ وأحسَنُ. (4)

و خَطَرُ نَظَرِ الأَطفالِ إلی وِقاعِ الوَالِدَینِ

322:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: وَالَّذی نَفسی بِیَدِهِ،لَو أنَّ رَجُلاً غَشِیَ امرَأَتَهُ وفِی البَیتِ صَبِیٌ ّ مُستَیقِظٌ یَراهُما ویَسمَعُ کَلامَهُما ونَفَسَهُما ما أفلَحَ أبَداً؛إذا کانَ غُلاماً کانَ زانِیاً،أو جارِیَةً کانَت زانِیَةً. (5)

ص:178

The man said:No.

He )s.a.w.( said:Then ask for her permission. (1)

319:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:When a man wants to enter his father's room, he should ask for permission, but it is not necessary for a father to ask permission from his son.He ]then[ said:And he must ask for permission from his daughter and his sister when they are married. (2)

320:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Those who are in your possession and those who have not reached puberty should ask permission in three times as Allah has commanded you.He who has reached puberty should not enter his mother's room, nor his sister's, or aunt's room or the rooms of other people without permission.Do not give permission for entry unless he greets. (3)

321:al-Kāfi, narrating from Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Halabi who said: I asked Abu 'Abdullah ]al-Sādiq[ )a.s.(:Must a man ask permission to enter his father's room?

He )a.s.( answered:Yes.I used to ask permission from my father and my mother was not with him, but it was my father's wife.My mother died when I was young.They might be doing something in their privacy that I would not like to encounter, and nor would they like me to intrude.Giving greetings ]for asking for permission to enter[ is the most correct and the best way. (4)

323:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: نَهی رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله أن یُجامِعَ الرَّجُلُ امرَأَتَهُ وَالصَّبِیُ ّ فِی المَهدِ یَنظُرُ إلَیهِما. (1)

324:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: لا یُجامِعِ الرَّجُلُ امرَأَتَهُ ولا جارِیَتَهُ وفِی البَیتِ صَبِیٌ ّ؛فَإِنَّ ذلِکَ مِمَّا یورِثُ الزِّنا. (2)

ص:180

323:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The Prophet of Allah prohibited that a man has interco urse with his wife while there is a baby in the cradle and looks at them. (1)

324:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:At the time when there is a child in the room, a man should not have interc ourse with his wife or with his bound-maid, for this act is among the things that causes adultery thereafter. (2)

ص:181

ص:182

has introduced some useful practical instruc tions which will be briefly pointed out here:

the sexual perversion of the child and brings about sexual irre gularity.Some Islamic narrations refer to this kind of playing as a branch of adultery, and such a harsh expression indicates the severe negative effect on the child.Therefore, in religious texts this action has been prohibited.

الفصل الرابع:أخلاقُ التَّربِیَةِ

1/4:الحَثُّ عَلی حُبِّ الأَوْلادِ وَالشَّفَقَةِ بِهِم

325:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن قَبَّلَ وَلَدَهُ کَتَبَ اللهُ ُ عزّ وجلّ لَهُ حَسَنَةً،ومَن فَرَّحَهُ فَرَّحَهُ اللهُ ُ یَومَ القِیامَةِ،ومَن عَلَّمَهُ القُرآنَ دُعِیَ بِالأبَوَینِ فَیُکسَیانِ حُلَّتَینِ یُضیءُ مِن نورِهِما وُجوهُ أهلِ الجَنَّةِ. (1)

326:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن بَکی صَبِیٌ ّ لَهُ فَأرضاهُ حَتّی یُسَکِّنَهُ،أعطاهُ اللهُ ُ عزّ وجلّ مِنَ الجَنَّةِ حَتّی یَرضی. (2)

327:الطبقات الکبری عن معاویة بن قرّة عن عمّه: أنَّهُ کانَ یَأتی النَّبِیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله بِابنِهِ فَیُجلِسُهُ بَینَ یَدَیهِ.فَقالَ لَهُ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله تُحِبُّهُ؟قالَ:نَعَم،حُبّاً شَدیداً.ثُمَّ إنَّ الغُلامَ ماتَ،فَقالَ لَهُ النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله:کَأَنَّکَ حَزِنتَ عَلَیهِ! قالَ:أجَل یا رسول الله.

قالَ:أفَما یَسُرُّکَ إذا أدخَلَکَ اللهُ ُ الجَنَّةَ أن تَجِدَهُ عَلی بابٍ مِن أبوابِها فَیَفتَحُهُ لَکَ؟قالَ:بَلی.

قالَ:فَإِنَّهُ کَذلِکَ إن شاءَ اللهُ ُ. (3)

ص:186

328:تاریخ دمشق عن واثلة بن الأسقع أنَّ رَسولَ الله صلی الله علیه وآله خَرَجَ عَلی عُثمانَ بنِ مَظعونٍ ومَعَهُ صَبِیٌ ّ لَهُ صَغیرٌ یَلثِمُهُ،فَقالَ:أتُحِبُّهُ یا عُثمانُ؟!

قالَ:إی وَاللهِ ِ یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ،إنِّی لَأُحِبُّهُ

قالَ:أفَلا أزِیدُکَ لَهُ حُبّاً؟!

قالَ:بَلی،فِداکَ أبی واُمِّی

قالَ:إنَّهُ مَن تَرَضَّی لَهُ صَغیراً مِن نَسلِهِ حَتّی یَرضی،تَرَضَّاهُ اللهُ یَومَ القِیامَةِ حَتّی یَرضی. (1)

329:حلیة الأولیاء عن أنس: أنَّ امرَأَةً دَخَلَت عَلی عائِشَةَ ومَعَها صَبِیّانِ لَها،فَأَعطَتها عائِشَةُ ثَلاثَ تَمراتٍ،فَأعطَت کُلَّ صَبِیٍ ّ مِنهما تَمرَةً،فَأکَلَ الصَّبِیّانِ تَمرَتَیهِما ثُمَّ نَظَرا إلی أُمِّهِما،فَأَخَذَتِ التَّمرَةَ فَشَقَّتها نِصفَینِ فَأَعطَت ذا نِصفاً وذا نِصفاً.

فَدَخَلَ النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله فَأَخَبَرَتهُ عائِشَةُ،فَقالَ لَها النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله:ما أعجَبَکِ مِن ذلِکَ؟فَإِنَّ اللهَ َ قَد رَحِمَها بِرَحمَتِها صَبِیَّیها. (2)

330:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: إنَّ اللهَ َ لَیَرحَمُ العَبدَ لِشِدَّةِ حُبِّهِ لِوَلَدِهِ. (3)

331:عنه علیه السلام: قالَ موسَی بنُ عِمرانَ علیه السلام:یا رَبِّ،أیُ الأعمالِ أفضَلُ عِندَکَ؟

فَقالَ:حُبُّ الأَطفالِ،فَإِنِّی فَطَرتُهُم عَلی تَوحیدی،فَإِن أَمَتُّهُم أدخَلتُهُم بِرَحمَتِی جَنَّتی. (4)

ص:188

328:Tārikh Dimashq, narrating from Wāthilah ibn al-Asqa' who said: The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( went to 'Uthmān ibn Maz'un who had a small child with him that he kissed, and the Prophet )s.a.w.( said to him:'Uthmān, do you love him?

He answered:By Allah, yes I do love him, O Messenger of Allah.

He )s.a.w.( said:Do you want me to increase your love for him?

'Uthmān said:Yes.May my parents be your ransom!

He )s.a.w.( said:Indeed he who makes a child from his generation pleased so that he becomes happy, Allah will make him pleased on Judgment Day until he becomes happy. (1)

329:Hilyah al-Awliyā', narrating from 'Anas who said: A woman went to visit 'A'ishah along with her two children and 'A'ishah gave three dates to her and she gave each of her children one date.They ate their own date and then started looking at their mother.She took the ]remaining[ date and cut it in half and gave half to one child and the second half to the other.The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( arrived and 'A'ishah informed him of the event, and the Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Why are you surprised from this action?Verily Allah will shower His mercy upon her for the sake of her mercy upon her two children. (2)

330:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Allah will be merciful to His servant for his intense love for his child. (3)

331:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:Musā ibn 'Imrān (4) )a.s.( said:O Lord! Which act do You consider to be the best?

Allah Almighty said:The love for children, for I have created them with their conviction in My Unity, and if I make them die, I will admit them into Paradise with My mercy. (5)

ص:189

2/4:سِیرَةُ النَّبِیِ ّ فِی الشَّفَقَةِ بِالأطفالِ وتَکریمِهِم

332:مسند ابن حنبل عن الولید بن عقبة: لَمّا فَتَحَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله مَکَّةَ،جَعَلَ أهلُ مَکَّةَ یَأتونَهُ بِصِبیانِهِم فَیَمسَحُ عَلی رُؤوسِهِم ویَدعو لَهُم. (1)

333:صحیح مسلم عن عمرو بن سعید عن أنس: ما رَأیتُ أحَداً کانَ أرحَمَ بِالعِیالِ مِن رَسولِ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله،قالَ:کانَ إبراهیمُ مُستَرضَعاً لَهُ فی عَوالی المَدینَةِ (2)،فَکانَ یَنطَلِقُ ونَحنُ مَعَهُ فَیَدخُلُ البَیتَ وإنَّهُ لَیُدَّخَنُ،وکانَ ظِئرُهُ (3)قَیناً (4)،فَیَأخُذُهُ فَیُقَبِّلُهُ،ثُمَّ یَرجِعُ.

قالَ عَمرٌو:فَلَمّا تُوُفِّیَ إبراهیمُ،قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:إنَّ إبراهیمَ ابنی،وإنَّه ماتَ فی الثَّدی،وإنَّ لَهُ لَظِئرَینِ تُکمِلانِ رَضاعَهُ فِی الجَنَّةِ. (5)

334:صحیح مسلم عن عبد الله بن جعفر: کانَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله إذا قَدِمَ مِن سَفَرٍ تُلُقِّیَ بِصِبیانِ أهلِ بَیتِهِ. (6)

335:مسند ابن حنبل عن عروة: کانَ [رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله ] یُستَقبَلُ بالصِّبیانِ إِذا جاءَ مِن سَفَرٍ. (7)

ص:190

336:المحجّة البیضاء: کانَ صلی الله علیه وآله یَقدِمُ مِنَ السَّفَرِ فَیَتَلَقّاهُ الصِّبیانُ فَیَقِفُ لَهُم،ثُمَّ یَأمُرُ بِهِم فَیُرفَعونَ إِلَیهِ،فَیَرفَعُ مِنهُم بَینَ یَدَیهِ ومِن خَلفِهِ،ویَأمُرُ أصحابَهُ أن یَحمِلُوا بَعضَهُم،فَرُبَّما یَتَفاخَرُ الصِّبیانُ بَعدَ ذلِکَ فَیَقولُ بَعضُهُم لِبَعضٍ:حَمَلَنِی رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله بَینَ یَدَیهِ،وحَمَلَکَ أنتَ وَراءَهُ،ویَقولُ بَعضُهُم:أمَرَ أصحابَهُ أن یَحمِلوکَ وَراءَهُم. (1)

337:المناقب لابن شهر آشوب عن عبدالعزیز بإسناده عن النبیّ صلی الله علیه وآله: أنَّه کان جالساً فَأَقبَلَ الحَسَنُ وَالحُسَینُ علیهما السلام فَلَمّا رَآهُمَا النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله قامَ لَهُما وَاستَبطَأَ بُلوغَهُما إلَیهِ،فَاستَقبَلَهُما وحَمَلَهُما عَلی کَتِفَیهِ وقالَ:نِعمَ المَطِیُّ مَطِیُّکُما،ونِعمَ الرّاکِبانِ أَنتُما،وأبوکُما خَیرٌ مِنکُما. (2)

3/4:التَّسلیمُ عَلَی الصِّبیانِ

338:کنز العمّال عن أنس کانَ[ صلی الله علیه وآله ] یَمُرُّ بِالصِّبیانِ فَیُسَلِّمُ عَلَیهِم. (3)

339:سنن الترمذی عن أنس: کُنتُ مَعَ رَسولِ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله فَمَرَّ عَلَی صِبیانٍ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَیهِم. (4)

340:مکارم الأخلاق عن أنس: إنَّ رَسولَ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله مَرَّ عَلَی صِبیانٍ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَیهِم وهُوَ مُغِذٌّ (5). (6)

ص:192

336:al-Mahajjah al-Baydā': When the Prophet )s.a.w.( returned from a journey and children would meet him, the Prophet )s.a.w.( would stop for their sake and then he would ask them to climb on his back.Some of them climbed from the front and others from his back.He )s.a.w.( also ordered his companions to carry the rest of the children.It happened that after this event the children boasted and said to each other:The Prophet of Allah carried me in his arms and carried you on his back, and others would say:He told his companions to put you on their backs. (1)

337:al-Manāqib, narrating from Ibn Shahr Ashub, from 'Abd al-'Aziz in his chain of narrations from the Prophet )s.a.w.( that: He )s.a.w.( was sitting down and Hasan and Husain entered, when he saw them he stood up for them, but they were slow in arriving, so he went towards them to receive them and he carried them on his shoulders, saying:What a good mount your mount is, and what good riders you are! And your father is better than you. (2)

341:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: خَمسٌ لا أدَعُهُنَّ حَتَّی المَماتِ:الأکلُ عَلَی الحَضیضِ (1)مَعَ العَبیدِ،ورُکوبِیَ الحِمارَ مُؤَکَّفاً (2)،وحَلبُ العَنزِ بِیَدی،ولُبسُ الصّوفِ،وَالتَّسلیمُ عَلَی الصِّبیانِ؛لِتَکونَ سُنَّةً مِن بَعدِی. (3)

342:صحیح ابن حبان عن أنس: أنَّ النبیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله:کانَ یَزورُ الأنصارَ ویُسَلِّمُ عَلی صِبیانِهِم ویَمسَحُ رُؤوسَهُم. (4)

4/4:ذَمُّ عَدَمِ المَحَبَّةِ لِلأَطفالِ

343:صحیح مسلم عن عائشة: قَدِمَ ناسٌ مِنَ الأعرابِ عَلی رَسولِ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله فَقالوا:أتُقَبِّلونَ صِبیانَکُم؟فَقالوا:نَعَم،فَقالوا:لکِنَّا وَاللهِ ِ ما نُقَبِّلُ.

فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:وأملِکُ إن کانَ اللهُ ُ نَزَعَ مِنکُمُ الرَّحمَةَ! (5)

344:الأدب المفرد عن أبی هریرة: قَبَّلَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله حَسَنَ بنَ عَلِیٍ ّ علیه السلام،وعِندَهُ الأَقرَعُ بنُ حابِسٍ التَّمیمیُ ّ جالِسٌ.

فَقالَ الأَقرَعُ:إنَّ لی عَشَرَةً مِنَ الوُلدِ ما قَبَّلتُ مِنهُم أحَداً!

فَنَظَرَ إلَیهِ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله ثُمَّ قَالَ:مَن لا یَرحَم لا یُرحَمُ. (6)

ص:194

341:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:There are five things that I will not leave doing until I die:eating food on the ground with the servants, riding on a donkey that has a packsaddle, milking a goat with my own hands, wearing woollen clothes, and greeting children so that it becomes a tradition )sunnah( after me. (1)

342:Sahih ibn Habbān, narrating from 'Anas who said: The Prophet of Allah used to visit the Ansār, greet their children and pat their heads. (2)

345:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: جاءَ رَجُلٌ إلَی النَّبِیِ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله فَقالَ:ما قَبَّلتُ صَبِیّاً قَطُّ.فَلَمّا وَلّی قالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:هذا رَجُلٌ عِندِی أنَّهُ مِن أهلِ النّارِ. (1)

5/4:نِطاقُ المَحَبَّةِ بِالأَولادِ

(یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا لا تُلْهِکُمْ أَمْوالُکُمْ وَ لا أَوْلادُکُمْ عَنْ ذِکْرِ اللّهِ وَ مَنْ یَفْعَلْ ذلِکَ فَأُولئِکَ هُمُ الْخاسِرُونَ ). 2

(یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْواجِکُمْ وَ أَوْلادِکُمْ عَدُوًّا لَکُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ وَ إِنْ تَعْفُوا وَ تَصْفَحُوا وَ تَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِیمٌ ). 3

346:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله-فی مَوعِظَتِهِ لاِبنِ مَسعودٍ- یَا بنَ مَسعودٍ،لا تَحمِلَنَّکَ الشَّفَقَةُ عَلی أهلِکَ ووُلدِکَ عَلَی الدُّخولِ فِی المَعاصِی وَالحَرامِ،فَإِنَّ اللهَ َ تَعالی یَقولُ: (یَوْمَ لا یَنْفَعُ مالٌ وَ لا بَنُونَ * إِلاّ مَنْ أَتَی اللّهَ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِیمٍ ) 4. 5

347:سنن الترمذی عن ابن عبّاس-لمّا سَألَهُ رَجُلٌ عَن هذهِ الآیةِ: (یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْواجِکُمْ وَ أَوْلادِکُمْ عَدُوًّا لَکُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ ) - هؤُلاءِ رِجالٌ أسلَموا مِن أهلِ مَکَّةَ وأرادوا أن یَأتُوا النَّبِیَ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَأَبی أزواجُهُم وأولادُهُم أن یَدَعوهُم أن یَأتوا رَسولَ الله صلی الله علیه وآله،فَلَمّا أتَوا رَسولَ الله صلی الله علیه وآله رَأَوا النّاسَ قَد فَقِهوا فِی الدِّینِ هَمّوا أن

ص:196

345:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:A man once came to the Prophet )s.a.w.( and said:I have never kissed a child.When he left, the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( said:This is someone who, in my view, is one of the people of Hell. (1)

یُعاقِبوهُم،فَأنزَلَ اللهُ عزّ وجلّ: (یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْواجِکُمْ وَ أَوْلادِکُمْ عَدُوًّا لَکُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ ). 1

348:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-لِبَعضِ أصحابِهِ- لا تَجعَلَنَّ أکثَرَ شُغلِکَ بِأهلِکَ ووَلَدِکَ،فَإِن یَکُن أهلُکَ ووَلَدُکَ أولِیاءَ اللهِ فَإِنَّ اللهِ َ لا یُضیعُ أولِیاءَهُ،وإن یَکونوا أعداءَ اللهِ فَمَا هَمُّکَ وشُغلُکَ بِأعداءِ اللهِ ! (1)

349:مستدرک الوسائل: قیلَ:لَما کانَ العَبّاسُ وزَینَبُ وَلَدَی عَلِیٍ ّ علیه السلام صَغیرَینِ،قالَ عَلِیٌّ لِلعَبّاسِ:قُل:واحِدٌ،فَقال:واحِدٌ،فَقالَ:قُل:اثنانِ،قالَ:أستَحی أن أقولَ بِاللِّسانِ الّذی قُلتُ واحِدٌ:اثنانِ.فَقَبَّلَ عَلِیٌ علیه السلام عَینَیهِ،ثُمَّ التَفَتَ إلی زَینَبَ وکانَت عَلی یَسارِهِ وَالعبَّاسُ عَن یَمینِهِ،فَقالَت:یا أَبَتاهُ أتُحِبُّنا؟قالَ:نَعَم یا بُنیَ،أولادُنا أکبادُنا.

فَقالَت:یا أبَتاهُ،حُبَّانِ لا یَجتَمِعانِ فی قَلبِ المُؤمِنِ،حُبُّ اللهِ ِ وحُبُّ الأولادِ،وإن کانَ لابُدَّ لَنا فَالشَّفَقَةُ لَنا وَالحُبُّ للهِ ِِ خالِصاً.

فَازدادَ عَلِیٌّ علیه السلام بِهِما حُبَّاً. (2)

350:مستدرک الوسائل: کانَ لِعَلِیِ ّ بنِ أبی طالِبٍ علیه السلام ابنٌ وبِنتٌ،فَقَبَّلَ الابنَ بَینَ یَدَی البِنتِ،فَقالَت:أتُحِبُّهُ یا أبَه؟قالَ:بَلی،قالَت:ظَنَنتُ أنَّکَ لا تُحِبُّ أحَداً مِن دونِ اللهِ ِ.فَبَکی،ثُمَّ قالَ:الحُبُّ للهِ،وَالشَّفَقَةُ لِلأولادِ. (3)

ص:198

O you who believe! Surely from your wives and your children there is an enemy to you; therefore beware of them;. (1)

348:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said,-to one of his companions-:Do not let your wife and children become your entire concern, for if your wife and children are the friends )awliyā'( of Allah, He will not neglect the life of His friends, and if they are the enemies of Allah why should you be concerned and preocc upied with the enemies of Allah? (2)

349:Mustadrak al-Wasā'il: It is said that when Imām 'Ali's two children 'Abbās and Zainab were infants, the Imām had said to 'Abbās:Say one.He said:One.He )a.s.( said:Say two.He said:I feel shy to say two with the tongue I have used to say 'one'.Imām 'Ali )a.s.( kissed him on his eyes and then turned to Zainab while she was on his left side and 'Abbās on his right.

Zainab said:Dear father! Do you love us?

He said:Yes, my child! Our children are our livers.

She said:O father! Two loves cannot exist in a believer's heart:the love of Allah and the love of children, and if it is a must, then let it be that sympathy is for us and pure love is for Allah.After this, 'Ali's love for them increased. (3)

350:Mustadrak al-Wasā'il, narrating that 'Ali ibn Abu Tālib )a.s.( had a son and a daughter and he once kissed his son in front of his daughter.The daughter said:O father! Do you love him?He )a.s.( said:Yes.She said:I thought you love none but Allah.He wept and then said:Love is for Allah and compassion is for children. (4)

ص:199

351:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: قالَ والِدی علیه السلام:وَاللهِ ِ إنِّی لَاُصانِعُ بَعضَ وُلدِی واُجلِسُهُ عَلی فَخِذِی واُکثِرُ لَهُ المَحَبَّةَ،واُکثِرُ لَهُ الشُّکرَ،وإنَّ الحَقَّ لِغَیرِهِ مِن وُلدِی،ولکِن مُحافَظَةً عَلَیهِ مِنهُ ومِن غَیرِهِ؛لِئَلّا یَصنَعوا بِهِ ما فَعَلَ بِیوسُفَ (1)إخوَتُهُ،وما أنزَلَ اللهُ ُ سورَةَ یوسُفَ إلّا أمثالاً لِکَیلا یَحسُدَ بَعضُنا بَعضاً کَما حَسَدَ بیوسُفَ (2)إخوَتُهُ وبَغَوا عَلَیهِ. (3)

6/4:العَدلُ بَینَ الأَولادِ

352:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: سَوّوا بَینَ أولادِکُم فِی العَطِیَّةِ،فَلَو کُنتُ مُفَضِّلاً أحَداً لَفَضَّلتُ النِّساءَ. (4)

353:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: اعدِلُوا بَینَ أولادِکُم فِی العَطِیَّةِ. (5)

354:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: اعدِلُوا بَینَ أولادِکُم فی النُّحلِ،کَما تُحِبُّونَ أن یَعدِلوا بَینَکُم فِی البِرِّ وَاللُّطفِ. (6)

355:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ اللهَ َ تَعالی یُحِبُّ أن تَعدِلوا بَینَ أولادِکُم حَتّی فِی القُبَلِ. (7)

356:العیال عن الحسن: بَینا رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله یُحَدِّثُ أصحابَهُ إذ جاءَ صَبِیٌ ّ حَتَّی انتَهی إلی أبیهِ فی ناحِیَةِ القَومِ،فَمَسَحَ رَأسَهُ وأقعَدَهُ عَلی فَخِذِهِ الیُمنی.قالَ:فَلَبِثَ قَلیلاً فَجاءَت ابنَةٌ لَهُ حَتَّی انتَهَت إلَیهِ،فَمَسَحَ رَأسَها وأقعَدَها فِی الأرضِ.

ص:200

351:Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( said:My father )a.s.( said:By Allah! I act with one of my children and make him sit on my knees, show him much affection and thank him a lot, even though it is the right of the other child; but I do so for the sake of protecting him from that child and from others, so that they might not do the same thing against him as the brothers of Yusuf )a.s.( did to him.Allah sent down the Chapter of Yusuf as an example so that some of us do not feel envy towards others as Yusuf's brothers envied and wronged him. (1)

فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله:فَهَلّا عَلی فَخِذِکَ الاُخری،فَحَمَلَها عَلی فَخِذِهِ الاُخری،فَقالَ صلی الله علیه وآله:الآنَ عَدَلتَ (1). (2)

357:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: إنَّ النَّبِیَ صلی الله علیه وآله أبصَرَ رَجُلاً لَهُ وَلَدانِ (3)فَقَبَّلَ أحَدَهُما وتَرَکَ الآخَرَ.فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:فَهَلّا واسَیتَ بَینَهُما. (4)

358:صحیح البخاری عن النعمان بن بشیر: أعطانی أبی عَطِیَّةً،فَقالَت عَمَرَةُ بِنتُ رَواحَةَ:لا أرضی حَتّی تُشهِدَ رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله.

فأتی رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله فَقالَ:إنِّی أعطَیتُ ابنی مِن عَمَرَةَ بِنتِ رَواحَةَ عَطِیَّةً فَأمَرَتنی أن اشهِدَکَ یا رَسولَ اللهِ.

قالَ:أعطَیتَ سائِرَ وُلدِکَ مِثلَ هذا؟قالَ:لا.

قالَ:فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَاعدِلوا بَینَ أولادِکُم.قالَ:فَرَجَعَ فَرَدَّ عَطِیَّتَهُ. (5)

359:شرح نهج البلاغة: کانَ الحَسَنُ علیه السلام أکبَرَ وُلدِ عَلِیٍّ،وکانَ سَیِّدا سَخِیّا حَلیما خَطیبا،وکانَ رَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله یُحِبُّهُ،سابَقَ یَوما بَینَ الحُسَینِ وبَینَهُ فَسَبَقَ الحَسَنُ،فَأجلَسَهُ عَلی فَخِذِهِ الیُمنی،ثُمَّ أجلَسَ الحُسَینَ عَلَی الفَخِذِ الیُسری. (6)

ص:202

Then the man seated her on his other knee, and the Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( said:Now you have done justice. (1)

357:Imām 'Ali )a.s.( said:The Prophet once saw a man who had two children and he kissed one of them and left the other.]At this time[ the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( said to him:Should you not treat them equally? (2)

358:Sahih Bukhāri, narrating from Nu'mān ibn Bashir who said: My father gave me a gift, but ]my mother[ 'Amarah bint Rawāhah said:I will not be pleased until you make the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( witness this.

Therefore, he went to the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( and said:O Messenger of Allah! I gave a gift to my son who is from 'Amarah bint Rawāhah and she has told me to take you as a witness.

He )s.a.w.( said:Have you given a similar gift to your other children?

He said:No.So, the Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Fear Allah and do justice between your children.

Then he returned and took back his gift. (3)

359:Sharh al-Nahj al-Balāghah: Hasan )a.s.( was the eldest child of 'Ali )a.s.( and he was noble, gracious, patient and an eloquent speaker, and the Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( loved him.One day the Prophet )s.a.w.( made a comp etition between Hasan )a.s.( and Husain )a.s.( and Hasan won, so the Prophet )s.a.w.( seated him on his right knee and seated Husain on his left knee. (4)

ص:203

It is evident that fair behavior does not mean equal and similar treatment.Many times, it happens that observing justice requires that the father interacts more with some of his children because of the differ ences in their talents or due to a sickness, or other issues.This is not considered as injustice, but in these cases he must explain the reasons for his behavior.

When the father feels that observing the rights of one of the children will bring about some negative or dangerous conse quences, he should stop, as Imām al-Sādiq )a.s.( says:

My father )a.s.( said:By Allah! I act with one of my children and make him sit on my knees, show him much affection and thank him a lot, even though it is the other child who is right; but I do so for the sake of protecting him from that child and from others, lest they do the same thing against him as the brothers of Yusuf )a.s.( did to him.Allah sent down the Chapter of Yusuf as an example so that some of us do not feel envy towards others as Yusuf's brothers envied and wronged him. (1)

As mentioned in this tradition, Imām al-Bāqir )a.s.( in order to prevent the envy of some of his children towards each other and its evil results, avoided showing affection to the child to whom he must have been affecti onate more than to the others, but he also showed affection to the other child who was jealous, in order to protect the favored child from the danger of his brother's jealousy.This is an important lesson for those who are in charge of the upbringing of a child, especially for the parents.

ص:205

7/4:الوَفاءُ بِالوَعدِ

360:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: أحِبُّوا الصِّبیانَ وَارحَموهُم،وإذا وَعَدتُموهُم شَیئاً فَفوا لَهُم؛فَإِنَّهُم لا یَدرونَ إلّا أنَّکُم تَرزُقونَهُم. (1)

361:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا واعَدَ أحَدُکُم صَبِیَّهُ فَلیُنجِز. (2)

362:السنن الکبری عن عبدالله بن عامر بن ربیعة: جاءَ رَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله بَیتَنا وأنا صَبِیٌ صَغیرٌ،فَذَهَبتُ ألعَبُ،فَقالَت لی أُمِّی:یا عَبدَ اللهِ تَعالَ أُعطیکَ.

فَقالَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله:ما أَرَدتِ أن تُعطِیَهُ؟قَالَت:أرَدتُ أن أُعطِیَهُ تَمرا،قالَ:أما إنَّکِ لَو لَم تَفعَلی لَکُتِبَت عَلَیکِ کِذبَةٌ. (3)

363:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: لا یَصلُحُ مِن الکَذِبِ جِدٌّ و لا هَزلٌ،ولا أن یَعِدَ أَحَدُکُم صَبِیَّهُ ثُمَّ لا یَفی لَهُ،إنَّ الکَذِبَ یَهدی إلَی الفُجورِ. (4)

364:الإمام الکاظم علیه السلام: إذا وَعَدتُم الصِّبیانَ فَفوا لَهُم؛فَإِنَّهُم یَرَونَ أنَّکُم الّذینَ تَرزُقونَهُم،إنَّ اللهَ لَیسَ یَغضَبُ لِشَیءٍ کَغَضَبِهِ لِلنِّساءِ وَالصِّبیانِ. (5)

ص:206

The concept which a child unders tands about Allah is His attribute of 'giving sustenance', and in a child's view, giving sustenance is equal to His Lordship.So, if he sees a breach of a promise by the lord of his childhood period, he will always be pess imistic towards the Lord Almighty and His position.An Islamic tradition that says:Heaven is under the feet of mothers can be relatively considered connected to this matter.This means that besides the efforts that mothers make for the religious upbringing of a child, the form of the mother's com munication with the child has an important effect in the formation of the child's outlook towards Allah Almighty, and this can be effective on the child's future.

ص:209

8/4:إدخالُ السُّرورِ

365:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ فِی الجَنَّةِ داراً یُقالُ لَهَا:الفَرَحُ،لا یَدخُلُها إلّا مَن فَرَّحَ الصِّبیانَ. (1)

366:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: اشتَروا لِصِبیانِکُمُ اللَّحمَ،وذَکِّروهُم یَومَ الجُمُعَةِ. (2)

367:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنّ فِی الجَنَّةِ داراً یُقالُ لَها:دارُ الفَرَحِ،لایَدخُلُها إلّا مَن فَرَّحَ یَتامَی المُؤمِنینَ. (3)

368:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن عالَ یَتیماً حَتّی یَستَغنِیَ،أوجَبَ اللهُ ُ عزّ وجلّ لَهُ بِذلِکَ الجَنَّةَ،کَما أوجَبَ لاِآکِلِ مالِ الیَتیمِ النّارَ (4).

369:الکافی عن حبیب بن أبی ثابت: جاءَ إلی أمیرِ المُؤمِنینَ علیه السلام عَسَلٌ وتینٌ مِن هَمَدانَ وحُلوانَ (5)،فَأَمَرَ العُرَفاءَ (6)أن یَأتوا بِالیَتامی،فَأَمکَنَهُم مِن رُؤوسِ الأَزقاقِ (7)یَلعَقُونَها،وهُوَ یُقَسِّمُها لِلنّاسِ قَدَحاً قَدَحاً،فَقیلَ لَهُ:یا أمیرَ المُؤمِنینَ،ما لَهُم یَلعَقونَها؟

ص:210

فَقالَ:إنَّ الإمامَ أبُو الیَتامی،وإنَّما ألعَقتُهُم هذا بِرِعایَةِ الآباءِ. (1)

370:ربیع الأبرار عن أبی الطفیل: رَأَیتُ عَلِیّاً علیه السلام یَدعُو الیَتامی فَیُطعِمُهُمُ العَسَلَ،حَتّی قالَ بَعضُ أصحابِهِ:لَودِدتُ أنّی کُنتُ یَتیما. (2)

371:المناقب لابن شهر آشوب: نَظَرَ عَلِیٌّ إلَی امرَأَةٍ عَلی کَتِفِها قِربَةُ ماءٍ،فَأَخَذَ مِنهَا القِربَةَ فَحَمَلَها إلی مَوضِعِها،وسَأَلَها عَن حالِها،فَقالَت:بَعثَ عَلِیُّ بنُ أبی طالِبٍ صاحِبی إلی بَعضِ الثُّغورِ فَقُتِلَ،وتَرَکَ عَلَیَّ صِبیاناً یَتامی،ولَیسَ عِندی شَیءٌ،فَقَد ألجَأَتنِی الضَّرورَةُ إلی خِدمَةِ النّاسِ.

فَانصَرَفَ وباتَ لَیلَتَهُ قَلِقاً.فَلَمّا أصبَحَ حَمَلَ زِنبیلاً فیه طَعامٌ،فَقالَ بَعضُهُم:أعطِنی أحمِلُهُ عَنکَ،فَقالَ:مَن یَحمِلُ وِزری عَنّی یَومَ القِیامَةِ؟! فَأَتی وقَرَعَ البابَ،فَقالَت:مَن هذا؟

قالَ:أنا ذلِکَ العَبدُ الَّذی حَمَلَ مَعکِ القِربَةَ،فَافتَحی فَإِنَّ مَعی شَیئاً لِلصِّبیانِ.

فَقالَت:رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنکَ وحَکَمَ بَینی وبینَ عَلِیِّ بنِ أبی طالِبٍ !

فَدَخَلَ وقالَ:إنّی أحبَبتُ اکتِسابَ الثَّوابِ،فَاختاری بَینَ أن تَعجِنینَ (3)وتَخبِزینَ،وبَینَ أن تُعَلِّلینَ (4)الصِّبیانَ لأَِخبِزَ أنا.

ص:212

He answered:The leader is the father of the orphans, and I made them lick the honey in the absence of their fathers. (1)

370:Rabi' al-Abrār, narrating from Abu Tufayl who said: I saw 'Ali )a.s.( calling the orphans and making them eat honey to the extent that one of his companions said:I wish I was an orphan. (2)

371:al-Manāqib, narrating from Ibn Shahr Ashub who said: 'Ali )a.s.( saw a woman who was carrying a water-skin full of water on her shoulder, so he took the water-skin from her and took it to her house.He then asked her about their life ]She did not know who he was[.

The woman said:'Ali ibn Abu Tālib sent my husband to one of the borders and he was killed and I was left with his orphans now I have nothing, so I am forced to work as a servant for people.

'Ali )a.s.( returned and slept uneasily that night, and when he woke up in the morning, he carried a basket of food.A person said to him:Let me carry it for you! He said:Who will carry my burden for me on the Judgment Day?

Then he went to the woman's house and knocked on the door.The woman said:Who is it?

He )a.s.( said:I am the same servant who carried your water-skin yesterday.Open the door as I have brought some things for the children.

The woman said:May Allah be pleased with you and may He judge between me and 'Ali ibn Abu Tālib.

Then 'Ali )a.s.( entered the house and said:I would indeed like to obtain reward, so would you knead and bake bread, or would you entertain the children so that I could bake the bread?

ص:213

فَقالَت:أنا بِالخَبزِ أبصَرُ وعَلَیهِ أقدَرُ،ولکِن شَأنَکَ وَالصِّبیانَ فَعَلِّلهُم حَتّی أَفرُغَ مِنَ الخَبزِ.

فَعَمَدَت إلَی الدَّقیقِ فَعَجَنَتهُ،وعَمَدَ عَلِیٌّ علیه السلام إلَی اللَّحمِ فَطَبَخَهُ،وجَعَلَ یُلقِمُ الصِّبیانَ مِن اللَّحمِ وَالتَّمرِ وغَیرِهِ،فَکُلَّما ناوَلَ الصِّبیانَ مِن ذلِکَ شَیئاً قالَ لَهُ:یا بُنَیَّ،اجعَل عَلِیَّ بنَ أبی طالِبٍ فی حِلٍّ مِمّا مَرَّ فی أمرِکَ.

فَلَمَّا اختَمَرَ العَجینُ قالَت:یا عَبدَ اللهِ ِ،سَجِّرِ التَّنّورَ (1).فَبادَرَ لِسَجرِهِ،فَلَمّا أشعَلَهُ ولَفَحَ فی وَجهِهِ جَعَلَ یَقولُ:ذُق یا عَلِیُّ ! هذا جَزاءُ مَن ضَیَّعَ الأَرامِلَ وَالیَتامی.

فَرَأتهُ امرَأةٌ تَعرِفُهُ،فَقالَت:وَیحَکِ ! هذا أمیرُ المُؤمِنینَ.قالَ:فَبادَرَتِ المَرأةُ وهِیَ تَقولُ:وا حَیایَ مِنکَ یا أمیرَ المُؤمِنینَ !

فَقالَ:بَل وا حَیایَ مِنکِ یا أمَةَ اللهِ ِ فیما قَصَّرتُ فی أمرِکِ ! (2)

372:کشف الیقین: رُوِیَ أنَّهُ [عَلِیّاً علیه السلام ] اجتازَ لَیلَةً عَلَی امرَأَةٍ مِسکینَةٍ لَها أطفالٌ صِغارٌ یَبکونَ مِنَ الجوعِ،وهِیَ تُشاغِلُهُم وتُلهیهِم حَتّی یَناموا،وکانَت قَد أشعَلَت ناراً تَحتَ قِدرٍ فیها ماءٌ لا غَیرَ،وأوهَمَتهُم أنَّ فیها طَعاماً تَطبُخُهُ لَهُم.

فَعَرَفَ أمیرُ المُؤمِنینَ علیه السلام حالَها،فَمَشی علیه السلام ومَعهُ قَنبَرٌ إلی مَنزِلِهِ،فَأَخرَجَ قَوصَرَّةَ (3)تَمرٍ وجِرابَ (4)دَقیقٍ وشَیئاً مِنَ الشَّحمِ وَالأَرُزِّ وَالخُبزِ،وحَمَلَهُ عَلی کَتِفِهِ الشَّریفِ،فَطَلَبَ قَنبَرٌ حَملَهُ،فَلَم یَفعَل.فَلَمّا وَصَل إلی بابِ المَرأَةِ استَأذَنَ عَلَیها،فَأَذِنَت لَهُ فِی الدُّخولِ.

ص:214

The woman said:I am better and more capable in baking bread, so you stay with the children and entertain them until I finish baking bread.

The woman took the flour and kneaded it while 'Ali )a.s.( picked up the meat and cooked it, and in the meantime, he made morsels from dates, meat, and other food stuffs and fed it to the children.Whenever each of the children ate something, he would say to them:My dear child! Forgive 'Ali ibn Abu Tālib for what he has done to you!

When the woman kneaded the flour, she said:O servant of Allah! Kindle the oven!

'Ali )a.s.( hastened to kindle the oven, and when he lit it and the heat struck his face, he ceasel essly said:O 'Ali! Taste this! This is indeed the retri bution of he who neglects widows and orphans.

Another woman who knew 'Ali )a.s.( came and saw him and she said to the mother:Woe unto you! This is the Commander of the Faithful!

The woman, confused, came to him and said:O Commander of the Faithful! Shame on me!

'Ali )a.s.( said:O servant of Allah! It is I indeed who should be ashamed for neglecting your affairs and needs. (1)

273:Kashf al-Yaqin: It is narrated that one night 'Ali )a.s.( met a poor woman who had some little children who were crying from hunger.The woman was trying to keep them busy and enter tained in order to make them sleep.She lit a fire under a pot which only contained some water so the children would think that there was food in it and she was cooking it for them.

The Commander of the Faithful )a.s.( became aware of her condition and went to her house with Qanbar.He )a.s.( took along with him a basket of dates, a bag of flour, some fat, rice and bread, and he carried them on his holy shoulder.Qanbar wanted to carry them but he did not let him.

ص:215

فَأَرمی شَیئاً مِنَ الأَرُزِّ فِی القِدرِ ومَعَهُ شَیءٌ مِنَ الشَّحمِ،فَلَمّا فَرَغَ مِن نَضجِهِ عَرَّفَهُ (قَرَّبَهُ) لِلصِّغارِ وأمَرَهُم بِأکلِهِ.

فَلَمّا شَبِعوا أخَذَ یَطوفُ بِالبَیتِ ویُبَعبِعُ لَهُم،فَأَخَذوا فِی الضَّحِکِ.

فَلَمّا خَرَجَ علیه السلام قالَ لَهُ قَنبَرٌ:یا مَولایَ،رَأَیتُ اللَّیلَةَ شَیئاً عَجیباً قَد عَلِمتُ سَبَبَ بَعضِهِ؛وهُوَ حَملُکَ لِلزّادِ طَلَباً لِلثَّوابِ،أمّا طَوافُکَ بِالبَیتِ عَلی یَدَیکَ ورِجلَیکَ وَالبَعبَعَةُ فَما أدری سَبَبَ ذلِکَ !

فَقالَ علیه السلام:یا قَنبَرُ،إنّی دَخَلتُ عَلی هؤُلاءِ الأَطفالِ وهُم یَبکونَ مِن شِدَّةِ الجوعِ،فَأَحبَبتُ أن أخرُجَ عَنهُم وهُم یَضحَکونَ مَعَ الشِّبعِ،فَلَم أجِد سَبَباً سِوی ما فَعَلتُ. (1)

ص:216

When he reached the woman's house, he asked permission to enter and she gave him permission.He then poured some rice and fat in a pot to cook, and when it was ready he gave it to the children and asked them to eat.

When they became full, he started to roam around the house and bleating for them and they were laughing.

As soon as he and Qanbar left the house, Qanbar told him:O master! I saw some odd things tonight.I understood the reason for some of them, like carrying the provisions for earning reward, but I did not understand the reason for you going around the house and bleating.

He )a.s.( said:O Qanbar! I went to these children while they were crying out of severe hunger and I wanted to leave them when they were full and laughing and I did not find any other way to make them laugh other than I did. (1)

ص:217

الفصل الخامس:التَّزیینُ واللَّعِب

1/5:تَزیینُ الأطفالِ

373:الکافی عن أبی الصّباح: سَألتُ أبا عَبدِ اللهِ ِ علیه السلام عَنِ الذَّهَبِ یُحَلَّی بِهِ الصِّبیانُ،فَقالَ:کانَ عَلِیُ ّ بنُ الحُسَینِ علیه السلام یُحَلّی وُلدَهُ ونِساءَهُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالفِضَّةِ. (1)

374:الکافی عن الحسین بن خالد: سَألتُ أبَا الحَسَنِ الرِّضا علیه السلام عَنِ التَّهنِئَةِ بِالوَلَدِ مَتی؟فَقالَ:إِنَّهُ قالَ:لَمّا وُلِدَ الحَسَنُ بنُ عَلِیٍّ علیه السلام هَبَطَ جَبرَئیلُ بِالتَّهنِئَةِ عَلَی النَّبِیِّ صلی الله علیه وآله فِی الیَومِ السّابِعِ،وأمَرَهُ أن یُسَمِّیَهُ ویُکَنِّیَهُ ویَحلِقَ رَأسَهُ ویَعُقَّ عَنهُ ویَثقُبَ أُذُنَهُ،وکَذلِکَ کانَ حینَ وُلِدَ الحُسَینُ علیه السلام،أتاهُ فِی الیَومِ السّابِعِ فَأَمَرَهُ بِمِثلِ ذلِکَ.قالَ:وکانَ لَهُما ذُؤابَتانِ فِی القَرنِ الأیْسَرِ،وکانَ الثَّقبُ فی الأُذُنِ الیُمنی فِی شَحمَةِ الأُذُنِ،وفی الیُسری فِی أعلَی الأُذُنِ،فَالقُرطُ فِی الیُمنی وَالشَّنفُ (2)فِی الیُسری. (3)

2/5:مَدحُ عَرامَةِ الصَّبِیِّ

375:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: عَرامَةُ (4)الصَّبیِ ّ فی صِغَرِهِ زِیادَةٌ فی عَقلِهِ فی کِبَرِهِ. (5)

ص:218

376:الکافی عن صالح بن عقبة: سَمِعتُ العَبدَ الصّالِحَ علیه السلام یَقولُ:تُستَحَبُّ عَرامَةُ الصَّبِیِ ّ فِی صِغَرِهِ لِیَکونَ حَلیماً فی کِبَرِهِ،ثُمَّ قالَ:ما یَنبَغی أن یَکونَ إلّا هکَذا.

ورُوِیَ أنَّ أکیَسَ الصِّبیانِ أشَدُّهُم بُغضاً لِلکُتّابِ (1). (2)

3/5:رُخصَةُ اللَّعِبِ لِلصَّبِیِ

377:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: دَع ابنَکَ یَلعَبُ سَبعَ سِنینَ،ویُؤَدَّبُ سَبعَ سِنینَ،وألزِمهُ نَفسَکَ سَبعَ سِنینَ،فإن أفلَحَ،وإلّا فَإنّهُ مِمَّن لا خَیرَ فیهِ. (3)

378:الإمام زین العابدین علیه السلام: قالَ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله لَهُما [لِلحَسَنِ وَالحُسَینِ علیهما السلام ]:قُوما الآنَ فاصطَرعا،فَقاما لِیَصطَرِعا،وقَد خَرَجَت فاطِمَةُ علیها السلام فی بَعضِ حاجَتِها،فَدَخَلَت فَسَمِعَتِ النَّبِیَ صلی الله علیه وآله وهُوَ یَقولُ:إیهِ (4)یا حَسَنُ! شُدَّ عَلَی الحُسَینِ فَاصرَعهُ.

فَقالَت لَهُ:یا أبَه،واعَجَباهُ! أتُشَجِّعُ هذا عَلی هذا،أتُشَجِّعُ الکَبیرَ عَلَی الصَّغیرِ؟!

فَقالَ لَها:یا بُنَیَّةُ،أما تَرضَینَ أن أَقولَ أنا:یا حَسَنُ،شُدَّ عَلَی الحُسَینِ فَاصرَعهُ،وهذا حَبیبی جَبرَئیلُ یَقولُ:یا حُسَینُ،شُدَّ عَلَی الحَسَنِ فَاصرَعهُ؟ (5)

ص:220

376:al-Kāfi, narrating from Sālih ibn 'Aqabah who said: I heard the 'Righteous Servant' ]Imām al-Kāzim[ )a.s.( say:It is a recomm ended practice for a child to play in his childhood so that he becomes patient in his adulthood.Then he said:It is not right to do otherwise.

It also narrated that the most intelli gent of children are those who hate schooling the most. (1)

379:المعجم الکبیر عن أبی أیّوب الأنصاریّ: دَخَلتُ عَلی رَسولِ الله صلی الله علیه وآله وَالحَسَنُ وَالحُسَینُ علیهما السلام یَلعَبانِ بَینَ یَدَیهِ وفی حِجرِهِ،فَقُلتُ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ أتُحِبُّهُما؟قالَ:وکَیفَ لا أُحِبُّهُما وهُما رَیحانَتایَ مِنَ الدُّنیا أشَمُّهما! (1)

380:المعجم الکبیر عن أبی سعید: جاءَ الحُسَینُ علیه السلام ورَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله یُصَلّی،فَالتَزَمَ عُنُقَ النَّبِیِ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَقامَ بِهِ وأخَذَ بِیَدِهِ،فَلَم یَزَل مُمسِکَها حَتّی رَکَعَ. (2)

381:شرح الأخبار عن جعفر بن فروی بإسناده: أنّ رَسولَ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله کانَ جالِساً مَعَ أصحابِهِ،إذ أقبَلَ إلَیهِ الحَسَنُ وَالحُسَینُ علیهما السلام وَهُما صَغیرانِ،فَجَعَلا یَنزُوانِ (3)عَلَیهِ،فَمَرَّةً یَضَعُ لَهُما رَأسَهُ،ومَرَّةً یَأخُذُهُما إلَیهِ،فَقَبَّلَهُما،ورَجُلٌ مِن جُلَسائِهِ یَنظُرُ إلَیهِ کَالمُتَعَجِّبِ مِن ذلِکَ،ثُمَّ قالَ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،ما أعلَمُ أنِّی قَبَّلتُ وَلَدا إلَیَ ّ قَطُّ!

فَغَضِبَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله حَتَّی التَمَعَ لَونُهُ،فَقالَ لِلرَّجُلِ:إن کانَ اللهُ قَد نَزَعَ الرَّحمَةَ مِن قَلبِکَ فَما أصنَعُ بِکَ؟مَن لَم یَرحَم صَغیرَنا ویُعَزِّز کَبیرَنا فَلَیسَ مِنَّا. (4)

382:سنن النسائی عن عبد الله بن شدّاد عن أبیه: خَرَجَ عَلَینا رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله فی إحدی صَلاتَی العِشاءِ وهُوَ حامِلٌ حَسَناً أو حُسَیناً،فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله فَوَضَعَهُ،ثُمَّ کَبَّرَ لِلصَّلاةِ فَصَلّی،فَسَجَدَ بَینَ ظَهرانَی صَلاتِهِ سَجدَةً أطالَها،قالَ أبی:رَفَعتُ رَأسی وإذا الصَّبِیُ ّ عَلی ظَهرِ رَسولِ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله وهُوَ ساجِدٌ،فَرَجَعتُ إلی سُجودِی.فَلَمّا قَضی رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله الصَّلاةَ،قالَ النّاسُ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ،إنَّکَ سَجَدتَ بَینَ ظَهرانَی صَلاتِکَ سَجدَةً أطَلتَها حَتّی ظَنَنَّا قَد أنَّهُ حَدَثَ أمرٌ أو أنَّهُ یُوحی إلَیکَ.

ص:222

379:al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, narrating from Abu Ayub al-Ansāri who said: I went to the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( while Hasan and Husain were sitting in front of him in his lap playing, so I said:O Messenger of Allah! Do you love them?

He said:How can I not love them when they are my two basils that I smell in this world. (1)

380:al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, narrating from Abu Sa'id who said: While the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( was praying when Husain )a.s.( came in and took hold of the Prophet's neck.Then he )s.a.w.( stood up and held Husain's hand and kept on holding it until he went to bow. (2)

381:Sharh al-Akhbār, narrating from Ja'far ibn Farwi who narrates: The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( was sitting down with his companions when Hasan and Husain )a.s.( came to him.They were young and they were leaping on him, so at times he would bring his head down for them and at other times he would pick them up and kiss them.A man who was in that gathering was looking at him with astonis hment to what he was doing.He said:O Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.(, I don't think I have ever kissed my child.The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( got angry very much that the color of his skin changed and he said to the man:If Allah has extracted mercy from your heart, then what can I do to you?He who does not have mercy on our little ones and does not honor our elders, is not from us. (3)

382:Sunan al-Nisā'i, narrating from 'Abdullah ibn Shaddād, from his father who said: In one of my evening prayers the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( came to us while he was carrying either Hasan or Husain.The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( came forward and put him on the ground.Then he said his takbir and started his prayer.During his prayer he prostrated for a long time.My father said:I raised my head and saw a child on the back of the Messenger of Allah while he was prost rating, then I returned back to my prostr ation.When the Messenger of Allah finished his prayer, people said:O Messenger of Allah! You had a long pros tration in your prayers in a way that we thought something might have happened or something was being revealed unto you.

ص:223

قالَ:کُلُّ ذلِکَ لَم یَکُن،ولکِنَّ ابنی ارتَحَلَنی فَکَرِهتُ أن اعجِلَهُ حَتّی یَقضِیَ حاجَتَهُ. (1)

383:المناقب لابن شهر آشوب عن اللیث بن سعد: أنَّ النَّبِیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله کانَ یُصَلّی یَوماً فی فِئَةٍ وَالحُسَینُ علیه السلام صَغِیرٌ بِالقُربِ مِنهُ،وکانَ النَّبِیُ ّ إذا سَجَدَ جاءَ الحُسَینُ علیه السلام فَرَکِبَ ظَهرَهُ ثُمَّ حَرَّکَ رِجلَیهِ،وقالَ:حِل حِل.

وإذا أرادَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ أن یَرفَعَ رَأسَهُ أخَذَهُ فَوَضَعَهُ إلی جانِبِهِ،فَإذا سَجَدَ عادَ عَلی ظَهرِهِ،وقالَ:حِل حِل،فَلَم یَزَل یَفعَلُ ذلِکَ حَتّی فَرَغَ النَّبِیُ ّ مِن صَلاتِهِ.

فَقالَ یَهودِیٌ:یا مُحَمَّدُ،إنَّکُم لَتَفعَلونَ بِالصِّبیانِ شَیئاً ما نَفعَلُهُ نَحنُ!

فَقالَ النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله:أما لَو کُنتُم تُؤمِنونَ بِاللهِ ِ وبِرَسولِهِ لَرَحِمتُمُ الصِّبیانَ.

قالَ:فَإنِّی اؤمِنُ بِاللهِ وبِرَسُولِهِ.فَأَسلَمَ لَمّا رَأی کَرَمَهُ مِن (2)عِظَمِ قَدرِهِ. (3)

384:المستدرک علی الصحیحینَ عن یعلی العامری: أنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسولِ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله إلی طَعامٍ دُعوا لَهُ،قالَ:فَاستَقبَلَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله أمامَ القَومِ وحُسَینٌ مَعَ الغِلمانِ یَلعَبُ،فَأرادَ رَسولُ اللهِ ِ صلی الله علیه وآله أن یَأخُذَهُ،فَطَفِقَ (4)الصَّبِیُ یَفِرُّ هاهُنا مَرَّةً وَهاهُنا مَرَّةً،فَجَعَلَ رَسولُ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله یُضاحِکُهُ حَتّی أخَذَهُ.

قالَ:فَوَضَعَ إحدی یَدَیهِ تَحتَ قَفاهُ،وَالاُخری تَحتَ ذَقَنِهِ،فَوَضَعَ فاهُ عَلی فیهِ یُقَبِّلُهُ.

ص:224

He said:It was neither, but my son mounted on my shoulder and I did not like to dismount him hastily until he finished what he wanted to do. (1)

383:al-Manāqib, narrating from Ibn Shahr Ashub from Layth bn Sa'd who said: The Prophet )s.a.w.( was praying one day with a group of people and Husain who was a young boy was beside him.Whenever the Prophet )s.a.w.( fell in prost ration, Husain )a.s.( would come and mount on his shoulder and then shake his feet saying:Hie! Hie!

When the Prophet of Allah )s.a.w.( wanted to raise his head, he would take him and put him beside him, and as soon as he prostrated again, Husain would return on his back and say:Hie! Hie! He continued doing so until the Prophet )s.a.w.( finished his prayers.

It was at this time that a Jew said:O Muhammad! You treat the children a way that we do not.

The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Indeed if you believed in Allah and His Messenger, you would certainly be kind to the children.

The Jew said:I therefore believe in Allah and His Messenger.He became a Muslim when he saw the magnan imity of someone as high ranking as the Prophet. (2)

384:al-Mustadrak 'alā al-Sahihain, narrating from Ya'lā al-'Amiri who said: He ]Ya'lā[ went out with the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( to a feast they were invited to.The Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( was walking in front of the group and Husain was playing with some boys.When the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( wanted to take him, the child ]Husain[ would run around here and there, so the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( made him laugh until he took him.

He )s.a.w.( put one of his hands under his neck and the other hand under his chin, and then kissed him on his mouth.

ص:225

فَقالَ:حُسَینٌ مِنِّی وأنا مِن حُسَینٍ،أحَبَّ اللهُ مَن أحَبَّ حُسَینا،حُسَینٌ سِبطٌ (1)مِنَ الأسباطِ. (2)

385:المناقب لابن شهر آشوب عن عبد الله بن شیبة عن أبیه: أنَّهُ دُعِیَ النَّبِیُّ صلی الله علیه وآله إلی صَلاةٍ وَالحَسَنُ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِهِ،فَوَضَعَهُ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله مُقابِلَ جَنبِهِ وصَلّی،فَلَمّا سَجَدَ أطالَ السُّجودَ،فَرَفَعتُ رَأسی مِن بَینِ القَومِ فَاذا الحَسَنُ عَلی کَتِفِ رَسولِ اللهِ صلی الله علیه وآله،فَلَمّا سَلَّم قالَ لَهُ القَومُ:یا رَسولَ اللهِ لَقَد سَجَدتَ فی صَلاتِکَ هذِهِ سَجدَةً ما کُنتَ تَسجُدُها،کَأنَّما یوحی إلَیکَ!

فَقالَ[ صلی الله علیه وآله ]:لَم یُوحَ إلَیَ ّ،ولکنَّ ابنی کانَ عَلَی کَتِفی فَکَرِهتُ أن اعجِلَهُ حَتّی نَزَلَ.

وفی رِوایَةِ عَبدِ اللهِ بنِ شَدّادٍ أنَّهُ صلی الله علیه وآله قَالَ:إنَّ ابنِی هذَا ارتَحَلَنی فَکَرِهتُ أن اعجِلَهُ حَتّی یَقضِیَ حاجَتَهُ. (3)

4/5:التَّصابی لِلصَّبِیِّ وَاللَّعِبُ مَعَهُ

386:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن کانَ عِندَهُ صَبِیٌ ّ فَلیَتَصابَ لَهُ. (4)

387:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: مَن کانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ صَبا. (5)

ص:226

He )s.a.w.( then said:Husain is from me and I am from Husain.Allah loves he who loves Husain.Husain is an offspring )sibt( among the offsprings )asbāt-of the prophets(. (1) (2)

385:al-Manāqib, by Ibn Shahr Ashub narrates from 'Abdullah bin Shaybah, from his father who said: The Prophet )s.a.w.( was called to prayer while Hasan was clinging to him, so the Prophet )s.a.w.( put him down in front of him and began to pray.He prolonged the prost ration.From among people, I raised my head and I saw Hasan )a.s.( on the shoulder of the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.(.When he concluded his prayers, people told him:O Messenger of Allah! You performed a prostr ation in your prayer that you do not usually perform, as if a revelation was descending unto you.

He )s.a.w.( said:There was no revelation, but my son was on my shoulder, and I did not want to hasten until he himself would come down.

And in the narration by 'Abdullah bin Shaddād it is said that the Prophet )s.a.w.( said:My son mounted on my shoulder, and I did not like to put him down hastily until he finished what he was doing. (3)

388:کنز العمّال عن أنس: کانَ [رَسولُ الله صلی الله علیه وآله ] یُلاعِبُ زَینَبَ (1)بِنتَ امِّ سَلَمَةَ ویَقولُ:یا زُوَینِبُ،یا زُوَینِبُ مِرارا. (2)

389:سنن ابن ماجة عن سعید بن أبی راشد: أنَّ یَعلَی بنَ مُرَّةَ حَدَّثَهُم أنَّهُم خَرَجوا مَعَ النَّبِیِ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله إلی طَعامٍ دُعوا لَهُ،فَإذا حُسَینٌ یَلعَبُ فِی السِّکَّةِ (3)،قالَ:فَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله أمامَ القَومِ وبَسَطَ یَدَیهِ،فَجَعَلَ الغُلامُ یَفِرُّ هاهُنا وهاهُنا،ویُضاحِکُهُ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله حَتّی أخَذَهُ،فَجَعَلَ إحدی یَدَیهِ تَحتَ ذَقَنِهِ،وَالاُخری فی فَأسِ (4)رَأسِهِ،فَقَبَّلَهُ وقالَ:حُسَینٌ مِنِّی وأنا مِن حُسَینٍ،أحَبَّ اللهُ ُ مَنْ أحَبَّ حُسَیناً،حُسَینٌ سِبطٌ مِنَ الأَسباطِ (5). (6)

390:صحیح ابن حبّان عن أبی هریرة: کانَ النَّبِیُ ّ صلی الله علیه وآله یَدلَعُ (7)لِسانَهُ لِلحُسَینِ،فَیَری الصَّبِیُ ّ حُمرَةَ لِسانِهِ،فَیَهِشُّ (8)إلَیهِ.فَقالَ لَهُ عُیَینَةُ بنُ بَدرٍ:ألا أراهُ یَصنَعُ هذا بِهذا،فواللهِ إنَّهُ لَیَکونُ لِیَ الوَلَدُ قَد خَرَجَ وَجهُهُ وَما قَبَّلتُهُ قَطُّ !

ص:228

388:Kanz al-'Ummāl, narrating from 'Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah was playing with Zainab bint Um Salamah ]his step-daughter[ and he repeatedly said:O little Zainab! O little Zainab. (1)

389:Sunan bin Mājah, narrating from Sa'id bin Abu Rāshid who said: Ya'lā bin Marrah narrated to them that they went out with the Prophet )s.a.w.( to a feast they were invited to.On their way, they saw Husain )a.s.( playing in the alley.

The Prophet )s.a.w.( went ahead of the group and stretched out his hands, but the boy ]Husain[ )a.s.( started running around here and there, so the Prophet )s.a.w.( made him laugh until he took him.

He )s.a.w.( put one of his hands under his chin and the other hand on the back of his head, and then kissed him.

He )s.a.w.( then said:Husain is from me and I am from Husain.Allah loves he who loves Husain.Husain is an offspring )sibt( of the offsprings )asbāt-of the prophets(. (2)

390:Sahih bin Habbān, narrating from Abu Hurayrah who said: The Prophet )s.a.w.( used to bring out his tongue for Husain who would laugh upon seeing the reddish tip of the tongue.Then 'Uyayna bin Badr asked him:What is it that I am seeing?Why does he act like that for him?I have a son whose beard has grown out, but I have never kissed him.

The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:He who does not show mercy will

ص:229

فَقالَ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله:مَن لا یَرحَمُ لا یُرحَمُ. (1)

391:المناقب لابن شهرآشوب عن ابن مهاد عن أبیه: [أنَّ] النَّبِیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله بَرَکَ لِلحَسَنِ وَالحُسَینِ فَحَمَلَهُما وخالَفَ بَینَ أیدیهِما وأرجُلِهِما،وقالَ:نِعمَ الجَمَلُ جَمَلُکُما (2). (3)

392:فضائل الصحابة عن أبی هریرة: رَأیتُ النَّبِیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله وقَد أخَذَ بِیَدَی الحُسَینِ بنِ عَلِیٍ ّ،وقَد وَضَعَ قَدَمَ الحُسَینِ عَلی ظَهرِ قَدَمَیهِ،وهُوَ یَقولُ:تَرَقَّ عَینَ بَقَّه (4)،تَرَقَّ عَینَ بَقَّه. (5)

393:کفایة الأثر عن أبی هریرة: کُنتُ عِندَ النَّبِیَّ صلی الله علیه وآله وأبو بَکرٍ وعُمَرُ وَالفَضلُ بنُ العَبّاسِ وزَیدُ بنُ حارِثَةَ وعَبدُ اللهِ بنُ مَسعودٍ،إذ دَخَلَ الحُسَینُ بنُ عَلِیٍ ّ علیه السلام،فَأَخَذَهُ النَّبِیُ صلی الله علیه وآله وقَبَّلَهُ،ثُمَّ قالَ:حِبِقَّةٌ (6)حِبِقَّه، (7)تَرقَّ عَینَ بَقَّه (8)،ووَضَعَ فَمَهُ عَلی فَمِهِ،ثُمَّ قالَ:اللّهُمَّ إنّی احِبُّهُ فَأحِبَّهُ،وأحِبَّ مَن یُحِبُّهُ. (9)

ص:230

ycrem nwohs be not (1)

391:al-Manāqib, narrating from Ibn Shahr Ashub who narrated from Ibn Mahād from his father who said: The Prophet )s.a.w.( once knelt down for Hasan and Husain and let them mount and set their hands and legs opposite each other (2) and he said:Your camel is a good camel. (3)

392:Fadā'il al-Sahābah, narrating from Abu Hurayrah who said: I saw the Prophet )s.a.w.( holding the hands of Husain bin 'Ali and was putting his feet on his own feet and saying:Come up, O small eyed! Come up, O small eyed! (4)

393:Kifāyah al-Athar, narrating from Abu Hurayrah who said: I along with Abu Bakr, 'Umar, Fadl bin 'Abbās, Zaid bin Hārithah and 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud were with the Prophet )s.a.w.( when Husain bin 'Ali )a.s.( entered and the Prophet )s.a.w.( took him and kissed him, and then said:O little.O little! Come up, O small eyed! He )s.a.w.( then put his mouth on Husain's mouth and said:O Allah! I love him.So love him and love those who love him. (5)

ص:231

5/5:رَبیعُ الصِّبیانِ

394:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ التُّرابَ رَبیعُ الصِّبیانِ. (1)

395:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: احِبُّ الصِّبیانَ لِخَمسٍ:الأوَّلُ:أنَّهُم هُمُ البَکَّاؤونَ،وَالثّانی:یَتَمرَّغونَ بِالتُّرابِ،وَالثّالِثُ:یَختَصِمونَ مِن غَیرِ حِقدٍ،وَالرّابِعُ:لا یَدَّخِرونَ لِغَدٍ شَیئا،وَالخامِسُ:یُعَمِّرونَ ثُمَّ یُخَرِّبونَ. (2)

ص:232

ص:234

acceptable person in any activity, he must be truthful, trustwo rthy, fair, discipl ined, truth seeking, honest, indep endent and so on.

important pillar of the children's life, and on the other side, parents are a part of their lives and they have a particular position for them.That is why it is very important for the child that his parents enter into his world.It is here that playing with the child shows its importance.Since parents are the most important persons for the child, playing with him causes honor for the child and elevates his self esteem.It produces the feeling of self-worthiness and self-motivation.It also strengt hens the relatio nship of the child with the parents, and it has a funda mental function in the loyalty and sincerity of their relation ship, which is one of the necessary features in the parent-child relati onship.

Buying various, expensive and advanced toys do not bring about a child's consent in his relati onship with his parents.He only wishes that his parents understood him and his world and partici pated in it.

On this basis, there are two issues that can be seen in the teachings of religion.One is concerning the playing of parents with their children )which had been abundantly seen in the conduct of the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.((, and the other is that parents should play with their children like a child.Adults' playing their own way is not pleasant and satisfying for the child, but it is childish games that satisfies the child and develops his person ality and teaches him the skills of life.This is why the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( played child-like games with children.

The important point is that adults' playing with children is not vain, and it is a wise, mature, and intel lectual practise and it does not decrease their honor.

ص:239

الفصل السادس:الدعاء

1/6:الحَثُّ عَلَی الدُّعاءِ لِلأولادِ

(وَ الَّذِینَ یَقُولُونَ رَبَّنا هَبْ لَنا مِنْ أَزْواجِنا وَ ذُرِّیّاتِنا قُرَّةَ أَعْیُنٍ وَ اجْعَلْنا لِلْمُتَّقِینَ إِماماً). 1

(رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِی مُقِیمَ الصَّلاةِ وَ مِنْ ذُرِّیَّتِی رَبَّنا وَ تَقَبَّلْ دُعاءِ) 2.

(رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِی أَنْ أَشْکُرَ نِعْمَتَکَ الَّتِی أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَیَّ وَ عَلی والِدَیَّ وَ أَنْ أَعْمَلَ صالِحاً تَرْضاهُ وَ أَصْلِحْ لِی فِی ذُرِّیَّتِی إِنِّی تُبْتُ إِلَیْکَ وَ إِنِّی مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِینَ ) 3.

396:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: دُعاءُ الوالِدِ لِلوَلَدِ کَالماءِ لِلزَّرعِ بِصَلاحِهِ. (1)

397:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: دُعاءُ الوالِدِ لِوَلَدِهِ مِثلُ دُعاءِ النَّبِیِّ لِأُمَّتِهِ. (2)

398:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: رَحِمَ اللهُ ُ مَن أعانَ وَلَدَهُ عَلی بِرِّهِ؛وهُوَ أن یَعفُوَ عَن سَیِّئَتِهِ،ویَدعُوَ لَهُ فیما بَینَهُ وبَینَ اللهِ. (3)

ص:240

2/6:النَّهیُ عَنِ الدُّعاءِ عَلَی الأَولادِ

399:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تَدعوا عَلی أنفُسِکُم،ولا تَدعوا عَلی أولادِکُم،ولا تَدعُوا عَلی أموالِکُم. (1)

400:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: لا تَدعوا عَلی أولادِکُم أن تُوافِقَ مِنَ اللهِ إجابَةً. (2)

401:الإمام الصادق علیه السلام: أیُّما رَجُلٍ دَعا عَلی وَلَدِهِ أورَثَهُ اللهُ الفَقرَ. (3)

3/6:دُعاءُ الإمامِ زَینِ العابِدینَ لِوُلدِهِ

402:الإمام زین العابدین علیه السلام مِن دعائِهِ لِوُلدِهِ اللّهُمَّ ومُنَّ عَلَیَ بِبَقاءِ وُلدِی،وبِإصلاحِهِم لی،وبِإمتاعی بِهِم،إلهی امدُد لی فی أعمارِهِم،وزِد لی فی آجالِهِم،ورَبِّ لی صَغیرَهُم،وقَوِّ لی ضَعیفَهُم،وأصِحَّ لی أبدانَهُم وأدیانَهُم وأخلاقَهُم،وعافِهِم فی أنفُسِهِم وفی جَوارِحِهِم وفی کُلِّ ما عُنیتُ بِهِ مِن أمرِهِم،وأدرِر لی وعَلی یَدَیَّ أرزَاقَهُم،وَاجعَلهُم أبراراً أتقیاءَ بُصَراءَ سامِعینَ مُطیعینَ لَکَ،ولِأَولِیائِکَ مُحِبِّینَ مُناصِحینَ،ولِجَمیعِ أعدائِکَ مُعانِدینَ ومُبغِضینَ،آمینَ.

اللّهُمَّ اشدُد بِهِم عَضُدِی،وأقِم بِهِم أوَدی (4)،وکَثِّر بِهِم عَدَدِی،وزَیِّن بِهِم مَحضَری،وأحیِ بِهِم ذِکری،وَاکفِنِی بِهِم فی غَیبَتی،وأعِنّی بِهِم عَلی حاجَتی،وَاجعَلهُم لی

ص:242

مُحِبِّینَ،وعَلَیَّ حَدِبینَ (1)مُقبِلینَ مُستَقیمینَ لِی،مُطیعینَ غَیرَ عاصینَ ولا عاقّینَ،ولا مُخالِفینَ ولا خاطِئینَ،وأعِنّی عَلی تَربِیَتِهِم وتَأدیبِهِم وبِرِّهِم،وهَب لی مِن لَدُنکَ مَعَهُم أولادا ذُکورا،وَاجعَل ذلِکَ خَیرا لی،وَاجعَلهُم لی عَونا عَلی ما سَألتُکَ.

وأعِذنی وذُرِّیَتی مِنَ الشَّیطانِ الرَّجیم،فَإِنَّکَ خَلَقتَنا وأمَرتَنا ونَهَیتَنا،ورَغَّبتَنا فی ثَوابِ ما أمَرتَنا،ورَهَّبتَنا عِقابَهُ،وجَعَلتَ لَنا عَدُوّا یَکیدُنا،سَلَّطتَهُ مِنّا عَلی ما لَم تُسَلِّطنا عَلَیهِ مِنهُ،أسکَنتَهُ صُدورَنا،وأجرَیتَهُ مَجارِیَ دِمائِنا،لا یَغفُلُ إن غَفَلنا،ولا یَنسی إن نَسینا،یُؤمِنُنا عِقابَکَ ویُخَوِّفُنا بِغَیرِکَ،إن هَمَمنا بِفاحِشَةٍ شَجَّعَنا عَلَیها،وإن هَمَمنا بِعَمَلٍ صالِحٍ ثَبَّطَنا (2)عَنهُ،یَتَعَرَّضُ لَنا بِالشَّهَواتِ،ویَنصِبُ لَنا بِالشُّبُهاتِ،إن وَعَدَنا کَذَبَنا،وإن مَنّانا أخلَفَنا،وإلّا تَصرِف عَنّا کَیدَهُ یُضِلَّنا،وإلّا تَقِنا خَبالَهُ یَستَزِلَّنا.

اللّهُمَّ فَاقهَر سُلطانَهُ عَنّا بِسُلطانِکَ،حَتّی تَحبِسَهُ عَنّا بِکَثرَةِ الدُّعاءِ لَکَ فَنُصبِحَ مِن کَیدِهِ فِی المَعصومینَ بِکَ.

اللّهُمَّ أعطِنی کُلَّ سُؤلی،وَاقضِ لی حَوائِجی،ولا تَمنَعنِی الإِجابَةَ وقَد ضَمِنتَها لی،ولا تَحجُب دُعائی عَنکَ وقَد أمَرتَنی بِهِ،وَامنُن عَلَیَ بِکُلِّ ما یُصلِحُنی فی دُنیایَ وآخِرَتی،ما ذَکَرتُ مِنهُ وما نَسیتُ،أو أظهَرتُ أو أخفَیتُ،أو أعلَنتُ أو أسرَرتُ،وَاجعَلنی فی جَمیعِ ذلِکَ مِنَ المُصلِحینَ بِسُؤالی إیّاکَ،المُنجِحینَ بِالطَّلَبِ إلَیکَ،غَیرِ المَمنوعینَ بِالتَّوَکُّلِ عَلَیکَ،المُعَوَّدینَ بِالتّعوُّذِ بِکَ،الرّابِحینَ فِی التِّجارَةِ عَلَیکَ،المُجارینَ بِعِزِّکَ،المُوسَّعِ عَلَیهِم الرِّزقُ الحَلالُ مِن فَضلِکَ الواسِعِ بِجودِکَ وکَرَمِکَ،

ص:244

O Allah! Strengthen my arm through them, straighten my bending back, multiply my number, adorn my presence, keep alive my remem brance, suffice me when I am away, help me in my needs, and make them loving towards me, affec tionate, approa ching, upright and obedient, and never disobe dient, disresp ectful, opposing, or offending!

Help me in their upbringing, their education, and my devotion to them.Give me among them male children from Your esteemed side, make that something good for me, and make them a help for me in what I have asked from You!

Give me and my progeny refuge from the accursed Satan, for You have created us, commanded us, and prohibited us, and made us desire the reward of what You have commanded, and fear its punishment! You assigned to us an enemy who schemes against us, gave him an authority over us in a way that You did not give us authority over him, allowed him to dwell in our breasts and let him run in our blood vessels; he is not heedless, though we are heedless, he does not forget, though we forget; he makes us feel secure from Your punishment and fills us with fear toward other than You.If we are about to commit an indecency, he gives us courage to do so, and if we are about to perform a righteous work, he holds us back from it.He opposes us through passions, and sets up for us doubts.If he promises us, he lies, and if he raises our hopes, he fails to fulfil them.If You do not turn his trickery away from us, he will misguide us, and if You do not protect us from his corruption, he will cause us to slip.

O Allah! So defeat his authority over us through Your authority, such that You hold him back from us through the frequency of our suppl ication to You and we leave his trickery and rise up among those preserved by You from sin!

O Allah! grant me my every request, accomplish for me my needs, withhold not from me Your response when You have made Yourself accou ntable for it to me, veil not my suppli cation from Yourself, when You have commanded me to make it, and be kind to me through everything that will set me right in this

ص:245

المُعَزِّینَ مِنَ الذُّلِّ بِکَ،وَالمُجارینَ مِنَ الظُّلمِ بِعَدلِکَ،وَالمُعافَینَ مِنَ البَلاءِ بِرَحمَتِکَ،وَالمُغنَینَ مِنَ الفَقرِ بِغِناکَ،وَالمَعصومینَ مِنَ الذُّنوبِ وَالزَّلَلِ وَالخَطاءِ بِتَقواکَ،وَالمُوَفَّقینَ لِلخَیرِ وَالرُّشدِ وَالصَّوابِ بِطاعَتِکَ،وَالمُحالِ بَینَهُم وبَینَ الذُّنوبِ بِقُدرَتِکَ،التّارِکینَ لِکُلِّ مَعصِیَتِکَ،السّاکِنینَ فی جِوارِکَ.

اللّهُمَّ أعطِنا جَمیعَ ذلِکَ بِتَوفیقِکَ ورَحمَتِکَ،وأعِذنا مِن عَذابِ السَّعیرِ،وأعطِ جَمیعَ المُسلِمینَ وَالمُسلِماتِ وَالمُؤمِنینَ وَالمُؤمِناتِ مِثلَ الّذی سَألتُکَ لِنَفسی ولِوُلدی فی عاجِلِ الدُّنیا وآجِلِ الآخِرَةِ،إنَّکَ قَریبٌ مُجیبٌ سَمیعٌ عَلیمٌ،عَفُوٌّ غَفورٌ رَؤوفٌ رَحِیمٌ،وآتِنا فِی الدُّنیا حَسَنَةً،وفِی الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وقِنا عَذابَ النَّارِ. (1)

ص:246

world and the next, in everything that I remember or forget, display or conceal, make public or keep secret!

In all of this, place me through my asking You among those who set things right, those who are answered favorably when they request from You and from whom is not withheld when they put their trust in You, those accustomed to seek refuge in You , those who profit through commerce with You , those granted sanctuary through Your might, those given lawful provision abundantly from Your boundless bounty through Your munif icence and generosity, those who reach exaltation after abasement through You, those granted sanctuary from wrong through Your justice, those released from affliction through Your mercy, those delivered from need after poverty through Your riches, those preserved from sins, slips, and offences through revere ntial fear toward You, those successful in goodness, right conduct, and propriety through obeying You, those walled off from sins through Your power, the abandoners from every act of disobe dience toward You , the dwellers in Your neighbo urhood!

O Allah! Give me all of that through Your bestowal of success and Your mercy, grant us refuge from the chastis ement of the burning, and give to all the Muslims, male and female, and all the faithful, male and female, the like of what I have asked for myself and my children, in the immediate of this word and the deferred of the next! Verily You are the Near, the Responder, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, the Pardoner, the Forgiving, the Clement, the Merciful! And give to us in this world good, and in the next world good, and protect us from the chastis ement of the Fire! (1)

ص:247

After completely finishing this prayer, the following verse should again be recited ten times: Our Lord! Grant us from our wives and our offspring the joy of our eyes, and make us for the pious ones )their( Imam .

ص:249

ص:250

الفصل الأوّل:واجِباتُ الصَّبِیِ ّ الفَردِیَّةِ

1/1:النَّظمُ فِی الأُمورِ

403:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام-مِن وَصِیَّةٍ لَهُ لِلحَسَنِ وَالحُسَینِ علیهما السلام لَمّا ضَرَبَهُ ابنُ مُلجمٍ لَعَنهُ اللهُ ُ- أُوصیکُما وجَمیعَ وُلدی وأهلی ومَن بَلَغَهُ کِتابی بِتَقوَی اللهِ ِ ونَظمِ أمرِکُم. (1)

2/1:النَّظافَةُ

404:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ اللهَ طَیِّبٌ یُحِبُّ الطَّیِّبَ،نَظیفٌ یُحِبُّ النَّظافَةَ. (2)

405:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: تَنَظَّفوا بِکُلِّ مَا استَطَعتُم؛فَإِنَّ اللهَ َ تَعالی بَنَی الإِسلامَ عَلَی النَّظافَةِ. (3)

406:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ الإِسلامَ نَظیفٌ فَتَنَظَّفوا؛فَإِنَّهُ لا یَدخُلُ الجَنَّةَ إلّا نَظیفٌ. (4)

407:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: حَقٌّ عَلی کُلِّ مُسلِمٍ أن یَغتَسِلَ فی کُلِّ سَبعَةِ أیّامٍ یَوماً،یَغسِلُ فیهِ رَأسَهُ وجَسَدَهُ. (5)

ص:252

408:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ اللهَ یُبغِضُ الوَسِخَ وَالشَّعِثَ (1). (2)

409:کنز الفوائد عن رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: إنَّ اللهَ َ یُبغِضُ الرَّجُلَ القاذورَةَ.قیلَ:ومَا القاذورَةُ یا رَسولَ اللهِ ِ؟قالَ:الَّذی یَتأفَّفُ (3)بِهِ جَلیسُهُ. (4)

410:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَنِ اتَّخَذَ ثَوباً فَلیُنَظِّفهُ. (5)

411:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: اغسِلُوا ثِیابَکُم...وتَزَیَّنوا وتَنَظَّفوا. (6)

3/1:غَسلُ الیَدَینِ قَبلَ الطَّعامِ وبَعدَهُ

412:الإمام علیّ علیه السلام: غَسلُ الیَدَینِ قَبلَ الطَّعامِ وبَعدَهُ زِیادَةٌ فِی العُمُرِ...ویَجلُو البَصَرَ. (7)

4/1:السِّواکَ

413:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: استاکوا وتَنَظَّفوا. (8)

414:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: عَلَیکُم بِالسِّواکِ،فَنِعمَ الشَّیءُ السِّواکُ. (9)

ص:254

408:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Indeed Allah dislikes a dirty and untidy person. (1)

409:Kanz al-Fawā'id: the Messenger of Allah )s.a.w.( said:Indeed Allah dislikes a man who is al-Qādhurah.

He was asked:O' Messenger of Allah! What is al-Qāthurah?

He answered:Someone who annoys his companions ]by his dirt and bad smell[. (2)

410:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:He who puts on clothes should keep them clean. (3)

411:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Wash your clothe sadorn yourself and clean yourself. (4)

415:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: مِنَ الفِطرَةِ المَضمَضَةُ وَالاستِنشاقُ وَالسِّواکُ. (1)

416:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: نَظِّفوا لَثَّاتِکُم مِنَ الطَّعامِ وَاستاکوا،ولا تَدخُلوا عَلَیَّ فُخراً (2)بُخراً (3). (4)

5/1:غَسلُ الیَدَینِ قَبلَ النَّومِ

417:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: مَن باتَ وفی یَدِهِ غَمَرٌ فَأَصابَهُ شَیءٌ،فَلا یَلومَنَّ إلّا نَفسَهُ. (5)

418:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: إذا نامَ أحَدُکُم وفی یَدِهِ ریحُ غَمَرٍ فَلَم یَغسِل یَدَهُ فَأَصابَهُ شَیءٌ،فَلا یَلومَنَّ إلّا نَفسَهُ. (6)

419:عنه صلی الله علیه وآله: ألا لا یَلومَنَّ امرُؤٌ إلّا نَفسَهُ،یَبیتُ وفی یَدِهِ ریحُ غَمَرٍ. (7)

6/1:قَصُّ الأَظافیرِ

420:رسول الله صلی الله علیه وآله: تَقلیمُ الأَظفارِ یَمنَعُ الدّاءَ الأَعظَمَ،ویُدِرُّ الرِّزقَ. (8)

ص:256

415:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:It is of one's nature to gargle the mouth and rinse the nose, and to brush teeth. (1)

416:The Prophet )s.a.w.( said:Clean your gums from food and brush your teeth, and do not come to me with yellow teeth and a bad odour of the mouth. (2)